IMPORTANCE: Advancements in molecular engineering have facilitated the creation of engineered T cells that express synthetic receptors, termed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). This is promising not only in cancer treatment but also in addressing a spectrum of other conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current approaches and future potential of CAR T-cell therapy in the field of neurology, particularly for primary brain tumors and autoimmune neurological disorders. OBSERVATIONS: CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma is promising; however, first-in-human trials did not yield significant success or showed only limited success in a subset of patients. To date, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapies has been demonstrated in animal models of multiple sclerosis, but larger human studies to corroborate the efficacy remain pending. CAR T cells showed efficacy in treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory aquaporin 4-immunoglobulin G-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to confirm these results. Success was reported also for treatment of cases with generalized myasthenia gravis using CAR T cells. Chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells, representing a modified form of CAR T cells directed against autoreactive B cells secreting autoantibodies, were used to selectively target autoreactive anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate B cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions, providing the basis for human studies and application to other types of autoimmune encephalitis associated with neuronal or glial antibodies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: CAR T cells herald a new era in the therapeutic landscape of neurological disorders. While their application in solid tumors, such as glioblastoma, has not universally yielded robust success, emerging innovative strategies show promise, and there is optimism for their effectiveness in certain autoimmune neurological disorders.

• MeSH
• chimerické antigenní receptory * imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunoterapie adoptivní * metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory mozku * terapie   imunologie   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * terapie   imunologie   MeSH
• neurologie * trendy   metody   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty * imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chimerické antigenní receptory * MeSH

The global burden of neurological disorders is substantial and increasing, especially in low-resource settings. The current increased global interest in brain health and its impact on population wellbeing and economic growth, highlighted in the World Health Organization's new Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and other Neurological Disorders 2022-2031, presents an opportunity to rethink the delivery of neurological services. In this Perspective, we highlight the global burden of neurological disorders and propose pragmatic solutions to enhance neurological health, with an emphasis on building global synergies and fostering a 'neurological revolution' across four key pillars - surveillance, prevention, acute care and rehabilitation - termed the neurological quadrangle. Innovative strategies for achieving this transformation include the recognition and promotion of holistic, spiritual and planetary health. These strategies can be deployed through co-design and co-implementation to create equitable and inclusive access to services for the promotion, protection and recovery of neurological health in all human populations across the life course.

• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví * trendy   MeSH
• cíle MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• environmentální politika MeSH
• holistické zdraví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce * MeSH
• mozek * MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   rehabilitace   terapie   MeSH
• neurologie * metody   trendy   MeSH
• spiritualismus MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• trvale udržitelný rozvoj MeSH
• účast zainteresovaných stran MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) are acquired conditions that may occur as sequelae of immune therapy. In recent years a number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) has been approved for multiple sclerosis and related disorders such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, some of which are frequently also used in- or off-label to treat conditions such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), myasthenia gravis, myositis, and encephalitis. In this review, we focus on currently available immune therapeutics in neurology to explore their specific modes of action that might contribute to SID, with particular emphasis on their potential to induce secondary antibody deficiency. Considering evidence from clinical trials as well as long-term observational studies related to the patients' immune status and risks of severe infections, we delineate long-term anti-CD20 therapy, with the greatest data availability for rituximab, as a major risk factor for the development of SID, particularly through secondary antibody deficiency. Alemtuzumab and cladribine have relevant effects on circulating B-cell counts; however, evidence for SID mediated by antibody deficiency appears limited and urgently warrants further systematic evaluation. To date, there has been no evidence suggesting that treatment with fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, or natalizumab leads to antibody deficiency. Risk factors predisposing to development of SID include duration of therapy, increasing age, and pre-existing low immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Prevention strategies of SID comprise awareness of risk factors, individualized treatment protocols, and vaccination concepts. Immune supplementation employing Ig replacement therapy might reduce morbidity and mortality associated with SIDs in neurological conditions. In light of the broad range of existing and emerging therapies, the potential for SID warrants urgent consideration among neurologists and other healthcare professionals.

• MeSH
• alemtuzumab aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dimethyl fumarát aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fingolimod hydrochlorid aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   imunologie   MeSH
• imunologické faktory aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunoterapie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• infekce krev   chemicky indukované   imunologie   MeSH
• koinfekce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• natalizumab aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• neurologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• rituximab aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alemtuzumab MeSH
• dimethyl fumarát MeSH
• fingolimod hydrochlorid MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• imunologické faktory MeSH
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• natalizumab MeSH
• rituximab MeSH

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) has become a widely performed technique in neurocritical care, which is however known to be accompanied by some risks to the patient. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the derecruitment effects of PDT with the electric impedance tomography (EIT) during the PDT procedure in neurocritical care. METHODS: The prospective observational pilot study investigated 11 adult, intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with acute brain disease. We recorded EIT data to determine regional ventilation delay standard deviation (RVD SD), compliance win (CW) and loss (CL), end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI), with the EIT belt placed at the level of Th 4 before, during and after the PDT, performed in the standard PDT position ensuring hyperextension of the neck. RESULTS: From 11 patients, we finally analyzed EIT data in 6 patients - EIT data of 5 patients have been excluded due to the insufficient EIT recordings. The mean RVD SD post-PDT decreased to 7.00 ± 1.29% from 7.33 ± 1.89%. The mean post-PDT CW was 27.33 ± 15.81 and PDT CL 6.33 ± 6.55. Only in one patient, where the trachea was open for 170 s, was a massive dorsal collapse (∆EELI - 25%) detected. In other patients, the trachea was open from 15 to 50 s. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of EIT to detect early lung derecruitment occurring due to the PDT procedure. The ability to detect regional changes in ventilation could be helpful in predicting further progression of ventilation impairment and subsequent hypoxemia, to consider optimal ventilation regimes or time-schedule and type of recruitment maneuvres required after the PDT.

• Klíčová slova
• Electric impedance tomography, Lung imaging, Neurocritical care, Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, Tracheostomy,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dýchání MeSH
• elektrická impedance * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• neurologie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu metody   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• plicní nemoci etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• tomografie metody   MeSH
• tracheostomie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• umělé dýchání metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Acute ischemic stroke is a catastrophic cardiovascular disease with frequent cardiac causes and cerebral consequences, thus the close cooperation between neurologists and cardiologists is necessary for the optimal patient management. Furthermore, recent randomized trials demonstrated, that catheter-based thrombectomy (CBT) is the most effective treatment for properly selected patients. Interventional cardiology with its widespread non-stop services for acute myocardial infarction can fill the existing gaps in coverage of population needs with neurointerventional services. Thus, a new future medical subspecialization may emerge: neurocardiology or cardioneurology.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kardiologie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management nemoci * MeSH
• neurologie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: The Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) is a set of clinical assessment instruments developed under the auspices of WHO. In contrast to other structured diagnostic interviews, SCAN also provides possibilities for dimensional assessment of psychopathology. This paper reports cross-national findings on the psychometric properties of psychopathology scales derived from SCAN 2.1. METHODS: Within a randomized controlled trial, SCAN 2.1 was used in Dresden (Germany), Michalovce (Slovak Republic), Prague (Czech Republic), and Wrocław (Poland). Forty-seven items from Part I of SCAN 2.1, identified as qualifying for constructing dimensional measures, were, on the one hand, grouped according to their allocation to five specific SCAN 2.1 sections. On the other hand, principal component analyses were used to group the items according to their statistical relationship. To estimate the reliability of the scales, Cronbach's alpha was computed. To assess factor similarity across sites, Tucker's congruence coefficients were calculated. To appraise concurrent validity, mean scale scores were compared across different diagnostic groups. RESULTS: Reliability was qualified as moderate to substantial for all generated scales. Factor-solutions differed across sites. Differences in mean scores supported the assumption that the scales might possess, in addition to face validity, concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first cross-national study on the psychometric properties of psychopathology scales derived from SCAN 2.1, and findings are very encouraging concerning its use as a dimensional measure. However, further studies are needed to substantiate implementation of the scales established.

• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy * diagnóza   epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• interview psychologický * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní klasifikace nemocí MeSH
• neurologie metody   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psychiatrie metody   MeSH
• psychometrie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Německo epidemiologie   MeSH
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Image registration methods play a crucial role in computational neuroanatomy. This paper mainly contributes to the field of image registration with the use of nonlinear spatial transformations. Particularly, problems connected to matching magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain image data obtained from various subjects and with various imaging conditions are solved here. Registration is driven by local forces derived from multimodal point similarity measures which are estimated with the use of joint intensity histogram and tissue probability maps. A spatial deformation model imitating principles of continuum mechanics is used. Five similarity measures are tested in an experiment with image data obtained from the Simulated Brain Database and a quantitative evaluation of the algorithm is presented. Results of application of the method in automated spatial detection of anatomical abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia are presented.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• interpretace obrazu počítačem metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• modely neurologické MeSH
• mozek anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• neuroanatomie metody   MeSH
• neurologie metody   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• pružnost MeSH
• psychiatrie metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rozpoznávání automatizované metody   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• subtrakční technika MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• vylepšení obrazu metody   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The informational content in the location-specific discharge of rat hippocampal cells is usually quantified by an average for the entire behaviorally accessible space. In contrast to such "global" information measures, we consider here information that can be obtained from "local" spike counts at each position. The properties of these local information measures are first illustrated using simulated data with predetermined distributions of location-specific spike counts. Next, place cell recordings from rats foraging in a cylindrical arena with two cue cards on its walls are analyzed; time windows as short as 100 ms were used to accumulate spike counts in locations. We show that information at the centers of firing fields is higher for fields nearer to the cues. Neither firing rates or "global" information measures detected differences between fields near and far from the cues. Thus, analyses of the location-specific information provides a new valuable tool for studying the location-specific activity of rat hippocampal cells. Generalizations of location-specific information can be used to investigate place cell responses to other factors such as running speed or the state of the hippocampal EEG in addition to current position.

• MeSH
• akční potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• elektrofyziologie MeSH
• hipokampus cytologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• modely neurologické MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• neurologie metody   MeSH
• neurony fyziologie   MeSH
• percepce vzdálenosti MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy diagnóza   MeSH
• kóma diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologie metody   MeSH
• poruchy vědomí diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• aminy fyziologie   MeSH
• centrální nervový systém cytologie   MeSH
• dějiny lékařství MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mozeček anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• mozkový kmen cytologie   MeSH
• nervové dráhy MeSH
• neurologie dějiny   metody   MeSH
• nuclei raphe anatomie a histologie   cytologie   MeSH
• retikulární formace anatomie a histologie   cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminy MeSH