Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.

• MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
• duševní poruchy klasifikace   diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• kvantitativní znak dědičný MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci mozku klasifikace   diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: Depression and depressive symptoms have been repeatedly linked to elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) but questions remain as to the statistical robustness of the association and particularly whether the association between depression and CRP reflects the presence of a chronic disease. METHODS: A random sample of 6,126 men and women aged 45-69 years was examined in a cross-sectional study in seven towns in the Czech Republic. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. RESULTS: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score was significantly related to increased levels of CRP in a linear fashion. After controlling for a range of potential confounders, subjects with depressive symptoms (CESD score >or= 16) had CRP concentrations 0.43 mg/l (95% CI 0.16-0.72) higher than those without symptoms. The association remained significant when study sample was restricted to healthy subjects; among individuals who did not report any chronic disease, the difference between those with and without depressive symptoms was 0.44 mg/l (95% CI 0.14-0.74), and among persons who did not visit a doctor in the last 12 months the difference was 1.20 mg/l (95% CI 0.52-1.87). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that there is a statistically robust association between depressive symptoms and increased levels of CRP. We did not find evidence that the association is due presence of a chronic condition.

• MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• deprese krev   diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To ascertain, whether, conventional risk factors and readiness of coronary patients to modify their behaviour and to comply with recommended medication were associated with education in patients with established coronary heart disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: EUROASPIRE II was a cross sectional survey undertaken in 1999-2000 in 15 European countries to ascertain how effectively recommendations on coronary preventions are being followed in clinical practice. Consecutive patients, men and women

• MeSH
• adherence pacienta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• hypolipidemika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• koronární nemoc krev   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• spotřeba léčiv MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• zdravé chování * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• hypolipidemika MeSH
• kardiovaskulární látky MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine whether psychosocial factors at work are related to self rated health in post-communist countries. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Random samples of men and women in five communities in four countries were sent a postal questionnaire (Poland, Czech Republic and Lithuania) or were invited to an interview (Hungary). Working subjects (n=3941) reported their self rated health in the past 12 months (5 point scale), their socioeconomic circumstances, perceived control over life, and the following aspects of the psychosocial work environment: job control, job demand, job variety, social support, and effort and reward at work (to calculate a ratio of effort/reward imbalance). As the results did not differ by country, pooled analyses were performed. Odds ratios of poor or very poor health ("poor health") were estimated for a 1 SD increase in the scores of work related factors. MAIN RESULTS: The overall prevalence of poor health was 6% in men and 7% in women. After controlling for age, sex and community, all work related factors were associated with poor health (p<0.05). After further adjustment for perceived control, only two work related factors remained associated with poor health; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 1 SD increase in the effort/reward ratio (log transformed) and job variety were 1.51 (1.29, 1.78) and 0.82 (0.73, 1.00), respectively. Further adjustment for all work related factors did not change these estimates. There were no interactions between individual work related factors, but the effects of job control and social support at work differed by marital status, and the odds ratio of job demand increased with increasing education. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous measure of effort/reward imbalance at work was a powerful determinant of self rated health in these post-communist populations. Although the cross sectional design does not allow firm conclusions as to causality, this study suggests that the effect of the psychosocial work environment is not confined to Western populations.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• pracoviště psychologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Litva epidemiologie   MeSH
• Maďarsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH