As potential probiotic traits of human milk-isolated bacteria have increasingly been recognized, this study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum. Among 118 human milk- and colostrum-isolated lactic cocci, only 29 were identified as Enterococcus. Of these, only four Enterococcus faecium isolates exhibited bacteriocigenic activity against several pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. These isolates exhibited high acid (up to pH 3.0) and bile tolerance (0.5% oxgall) in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, demonstrating their ability to survive through the upper gastrointestinal tract. All of the E. faecium strains were shown to be sensitive to most of the antibiotics including vancomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and erythromycin, while they were resistant to kanamycin and chloramphenicol. None of the strains showed any virulence (gelE, agg2, clyA, clyB, clyM) and antibiotic resistance genes (vanA, vanB, ermB, tetM, and aac(6')-le-aph(2″)-la). In addition, all the strains were able to assimilate cholesterol, ranging between 25.2-64.1% and they exhibited variable adherence (19-36%) to Caco-2 cells. Based on the overall results of this in vitro study, four of the E. faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum can be considered as promising probiotic candidates; however, further in vivo evaluations are required.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibióza MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriociny metabolismus   MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• kolostrum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Listeria monocytogenes fyziologie   MeSH
• mateřské mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• probiotika * MeSH
• žaludeční šťáva MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH

Fifty-five strains of enterococci isolated from the piglet intestine were characterized in vitro for probiotic activity. Identification of the isolates revealed Enterococcus faecium as the predominant species (84 %). Forty strains (73 %) were found to produce bacteriocin-like substances (only into solid media) with activity almost only toward Gram-positive genera. Thirty-eight % of strains were resistant to tetracycline, 27 % to chloramphenicol, 18 % to erythromycin and 16 % to vancomycin. In addition to control of strain safety, 6 % of isolates were beta-hemolytic and 16 % produced gelatinase. Seven strains selected for further probiotic assays exhibited sufficient survival rate at pH 3.0 after 3 h, in the presence of 1 % ox-bile and lysozyme after 1 d (over 107 CFU/mL in all tests). The adhesion of tested strains to porcine and human intestinal mucus was found in a similar range (1.4-14.0 % and 1.4-17.6 %, respectively). In accordance with current research effort to use and/or to combine various health promoting substances, the sensitivity of all isolates toward plant extracts and toward bacteriocins produced by animal and environmental strains was determined. All enterococci were sensitive toward oregano and sage extracts and toward one (E. faecium EF55--chicken isolate, activity of 25 600 AU/mL) of ten bacteriocin substances. It means that a similar anti-enterococcal potential of some bacteriocin substances may be observed as for certain plant extracts.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibióza MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• dobromysl (rod) chemie   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kyseliny toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
• muciny metabolismus   MeSH
• muramidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• kyseliny MeSH
• muciny MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH

Enterococci isolated from 28 different commercially available feeds (10-1000 CFU/mL) were identified and their probiotic potential was determined. Species identification of 22 selected strains was performed by intergenic length-polymorphism analysis (tRNA-PCR); PCR products were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis. Six strains were allotted to the species Enterococcus faecium, four to E. faecalis, one to E. hirae; the remaining strains were not classed. The strains were sensitive to vancomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline and rifampicin. They were able to adhere to human as well as canine intestinal mucus. They produced lactic acid (0.99-1.04 mmol/L) and most of them were urease-positive with sufficient survival in 5 % Oxgall-bile. They did not show any inhibitory activity due to antimicrobial substances. Plasmid DNA was detected in 8 strains, the bands responding to small molecular size (10 kbp). Considering all probiotically important properties, E. faecium strain EE3 was suggested as potential feed additive.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus chemie   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• probiotika chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ureasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• ureasa MeSH

The resistance to antibiotics and the distribution of virulence factors in enterococci isolated from traditional Slovak sheep cheese bryndza was compared with strains from human infections. The occurrence of 4 enterococcal species was observed in 117 bryndza-cheese isolates. The majority of strains were identified as E. faecium (76 %) and E. faecalis (23 %). Several strains of E. durans and 1 strain of E. hirae were also present. More than 90 % of strains isolated from 109 clinical enterococci were E. faecalis, the rest belonged to E. faecium. The resistance to 6 antimicrobial substances (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, higher concentration of gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline and vancomycin) was tested in clinical and food enterococci. A higher level of resistance was found in clinical than in food strains and E. faecium had a higher resistance than E. faecalis; no resistance to vancomycin was detected. The occurrence of 3 virulence-associated genes, cylA (coding for hemolysin), gelE (coding for gelatinase) and esp (coding for surface protein) was monitored. Differences were found in the distribution of cylA gene between clinical and bryndza-cheese E. faecalis strains; in contrast to clinical strains (45 %), cylA gene was detected in 22 % of food isolates. The distribution of 2 other virulence factors, gelE and esp, was not significantly different in the two groups of E. faecalis strains. cylA and gelE genes were not detected in E. faecium but more than 70 % of clinical E. faecium were positive for esp, even thought none of the 79 E. faecium cheese isolates contained this gene.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecalis účinky léků   patogenita   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium účinky léků   patogenita   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH

Concentrated extracts of MRS (De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe) media in which probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium strain M-74 was grown exerted different antimutagenic activity against ofloxacin-, N-methyl, N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine- and sodium 5-nitro-2-furylacrylate-induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium assay depending on the presence (+Se) or absence of disodium selenite pentahydrate (-Se). The antimutagenicity of MRS(+Se) extract was higher than that of MRS(-Se) extract. Selenium enhanced also the antimutagenic effect of both live and killed cells of E. faecium M-74, respectively. The live bacteria decreased the mutagenicity of selected substances more than killed cells. Synergic activity of selenium with the bacterium was also manifested.

• MeSH
• antimutagenní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• mutageneze účinky léků   MeSH
• mutageny toxicita   MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• selen farmakologie   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• testy genotoxicity MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antimutagenní látky MeSH
• mutageny MeSH
• selen MeSH

Using an overlay test the production of bacteriocin-like activity and resistance was found in 6 of the total of 7 isolates (5 enterococcal and 2 streptococcal). The majority of strains were sensitive to all bacteriocin producers tested. After acetone precipitation, bacteriocin precipitates were tested for thermal stability. They exhibited high stability at 37 degrees C and some of them were active even after a treatment at 95 degrees C.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• chemická precipitace MeSH
• endopeptidasa K metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Streptococcus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• endopeptidasa K MeSH

The antimicrobial activity of C2-C18 fatty acids was determined in vitro in cultures of two strains of Escherichia coli grown on glucose. Antimicrobial activity was expressed as IC50 (a concentration at which only 50% of the initial glucose in the cultures was utilized). Utilization of glucose was inhibited by caprylic acid (IC50 0.30-0.85 g/L) and capric acid (IC50 1.25-2.03 g/L). Neither short-chain fatty acids (C2-C6) nor fatty acids with longer chain (C12-C18) influenced substrate utilization. Caproic acid, however, decreased cell yield in cultures of E. coli in a dose-dependent manner. No inhibition of glucose utilization was produced with unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic. Calcium ions added in excess reversed the antimicrobial effect of capric acid, but not that of caprylic acid. Antimicrobial activity of caprylic and capric acid decreased when the bacteria were grown in the presence of straw particles, or repeatedly subcultured in a medium containing these compounds at low concentrations. Counts of viable bacteria determined by plating decreased after incubation with caprylic and capric acid (30 min; 1 g/L) at pH 5.2 from > 10(9) to approximately 10(2)/mL. A reduction of a mere 0.94-1.96 log10 CFU was observed at pH 6.5-6.6. It can be concluded that caprylic acid, and to a lesser extent also capric acid, has a significant antimicrobial activity toward E. coli. Effects of other fatty acids were not significant or absent.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kapryláty farmakologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové farmakologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• vápník farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifungální látky MeSH
• decanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kapryláty MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• octanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• vápník MeSH

Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of diversity among bacteriocins produced by strains of Bacillus sphaericus. Bacteriocin bands of six strains (pathogenic and non pathogenic) were found to be located just below the stacking gel. However, in two other strains (1 pathogenic and 1 collection strain) more than one protein band with bacteriocin activity were seen in the middle of resolving gel. In bacteriocin-treated cultures, electron-microscopy studies revealed the growth of lysedswollen ghost cells, and loss of viability among sensitive strains.

• MeSH
• Bacillus účinky léků   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriociny chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• Culicidae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• larva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH

The genetic basis of the fungicidal activity of strains of Lactobacillus brevis and L. fermentum isolated from indigenous fermented foods was determined. A 5.5-kb plasmid was isolated from L. brevis while L. Fermentum was found to harbor no plasmid. Plasmid curing indicated no correlation between the plasmid and the fungicidal activity of the Lactobacillus species. The fungicidal activity of the isolated organisms can be supposed to be mediated by the chromosome. No antibiotic resistance genetic markers were detected on the plasmid and hence it was classified as cryptic.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antifungální látky metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální chromozomy * MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Fabaceae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antifungální látky MeSH

The majority of antibiotics and substances with diverse biological activity used in medicine are produced by actinomycetes, nonfilamentous bacteria and fungi. Other microorganisms, such as myxobacteria, pseudomonads, nocardias, basidiomycetes, marine microorganisms, enterobacteria, halobacteria, hyperthermophiles etc. are investigated for new biologically active metabolites.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   MeSH
• Bacteria chemie   MeSH
• biologické přípravky chemie   MeSH
• houby chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• biologické přípravky MeSH