RNA capping is a prominent RNA modification that influences RNA stability, metabolism, and function. While it was long limited to the study of the most abundant eukaryotic canonical m7G cap, the field recently went through a large paradigm shift with the discovery of non-canonical RNA capping in bacteria and ultimately all domains of life. The repertoire of non-canonical caps has expanded to encompass metabolite caps, including NAD, FAD, CoA, UDP-Glucose, and ADP-ribose, alongside alarmone dinucleoside polyphosphate caps, and methylated phosphate cap-like structures. This review offers an introduction into the field, presenting a summary of the current knowledge about non-canonical RNA caps. We highlight the often still enigmatic biological roles of the caps together with their processing enzymes, focusing on the most recent discoveries. Furthermore, we present the methods used for the detection and analysis of these non-canonical RNA caps and thus provide an introduction into this dynamic new field.

• Klíčová slova
• NAD, RNA, RNA cap, RNA modifications, dinucleoside polyphosphate, epitranscriptomics,
• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• RNA čepičky * metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• RNA chemie   metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• stabilita RNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA čepičky * MeSH
• RNA MeSH

Eukaryotic RNA can carry more than 100 different types of chemical modifications. Early studies have been focused on modifications of highly abundant RNA, such as ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA, but recent technical advances have made it possible to also study messenger RNA (mRNA). Subsequently, mRNA modifications, namely methylation, have emerged as key players in eukaryotic gene expression regulation. The most abundant and widely studied internal mRNA modification is N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), but the list of mRNA chemical modifications continues to grow as fast as interest in this field. Over the past decade, transcriptome-wide studies combined with advanced biochemistry and the discovery of methylation writers, readers, and erasers revealed roles for mRNA methylation in the regulation of nearly every aspect of the mRNA life cycle and in diverse cellular, developmental, and disease processes. Although large parts of mRNA function are linked to its cytoplasmic stability and regulation of its translation, a number of studies have begun to provide evidence for methylation-regulated nuclear processes. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in RNA methylation research and highlight how these new findings have contributed to our understanding of methylation-dependent RNA processing in the nucleus. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.

• Klíčová slova
• RNA demethylase, RNA methylase, RNA processing,
• MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   MeSH
• epigeneze genetická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• metylace MeSH
• prekurzory RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• messenger RNA MeSH
• prekurzory RNA MeSH