Although the immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics were demonstrated many years ago in poultry, not all mechanisms of action are yet clear. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main antigen-presenting cells orchestrating the immune response in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, and they are the first line of defense in the immune response. Despite the crucial role of DCs in prebiotic immunomodulatory properties, information is lacking about interaction between prebiotics and DCs in an avian model. Mannan-oligosaccharides, β-glucans, fructooligosaccharides, and chitosan-oligosaccharides are the main groups of prebiotics having immunomodulatory properties. Because pathogen-associated molecular patterns on these prebiotics are recognized by many receptors of DCs, prebiotics can mimic activation of DCs by pathogens. Short-chain fatty acids are products of prebiotic fermentation by microbiota, and their anti-inflammatory properties have also been demonstrated in DCs. This review summarizes current knowledge about avian DCs in the gastrointestinal tract, and for the first-time, their role in the immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics within an avian model.

• Klíčová slova
• antigen-presenting cell, avian dendritic cells, chicken, pattern recognition receptors, prebiotic,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to demonstrate an immunostimulatory and adjuvant effect of new apyrogenic lipophilic derivatives of norAbuMDP and norAbuGMDP formulated in nanoliposomes. METHODS: Nanoliposomes and metallochelating nanoliposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration and extrusion methods. The structure of the liposomal formulation was studied by electron microscopy, AF microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Sublethal and lethal γ-irradiation mice models were used to demonstrate stimulation of innate immune system. Recombinant Hsp90 antigen (Candida albicans) bound onto metallochelating nanoliposomes was used for immunisation of mice to demonstrate adjuvant activities of tested compounds. RESULTS: Safety and stimulation of innate and adaptive immunity were demonstrated on rabbits and mice. The liposomal formulation of norAbuMDP/GMDP was apyrogenic in rabbit test and lacking any side effect in vivo. Recovery of bone marrow after sublethal γ-irradiation as well as increased survival of mice after lethal irradiation was demonstrated. Enhancement of specific immune response was demonstrated for some derivatives incorporated in metallochelating nanoliposomes with recombinant Hsp90 protein antigen. CONCLUSIONS: Liposomal formulations of new lipophilic derivatives of norAbuMDP/GMDP proved themselves as promising adjuvants for recombinant vaccines as well as immunomodulators for stimulation of innate immunity and bone-marrow recovery after chemo/radio therapy of cancer.

• MeSH
• acetylmuramyl-alanyl-isoglutamin aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• adaptivní imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování   chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• antigeny fungální imunologie   MeSH
• experimentální radiační poranění imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• liposomy MeSH
• mikroskopie atomárních sil MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nanočástice MeSH
• nosiče léků chemie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky fungální krev   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylmuramyl-alanyl-isoglutamin MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• antigeny fungální MeSH
• glucosaminylmuramyl-2-alanine-D-isoglutamine MeSH Prohlížeč
• liposomy MeSH
• N-acetylmuramyl-aminobutyryl-isoglutamine MeSH Prohlížeč
• nosiče léků MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 MeSH
• protilátky fungální MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH