BACKGROUND: Many clinical trials testing Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in patients with mild forms of cognitive impairment were conducted before widely accepted terms and diagnostic criteria for such conditions were available. This makes it difficult to compare any results from earlier and more recent trials. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a descriptive overview of clinical trials of EGb 761 in patients who met the diagnostic criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE were searched for randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trials of EGb 761 in mild impairment of cognitive functioning. All trials involving patients who met retrospectively applied diagnostic criteria for mild NCD were included. Trials of primary prevention of dementia and trials of combinations of medical treatments were excluded. RESULTS: Among 298 records found in databases and 76 further records related to EGb 761 in references of systematic reviews, 9 reports on clinical trials involving 946 patients met the pre-specified criteria for inclusion. Beneficial effects of EGb 761 were seen in neuropsychological tests (8 of 9 studies), scales for neuropsychiatric symptoms (3 of 3 studies), geriatric rating scales (1 of 2 studies) and global ratings of change (1 of 1 study). Significant effects were found in several domains of cognition (memory, speed of processing, attention and executive functioning). Among the neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression (2 of 3 studies) and anxiety (1 of 1 study) were significantly improved. No differences between EGb 761 treatment and placebo were seen with regard to the rates of adverse events. DISCUSSION: The included studies demonstrate treatment benefits of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, mainly on cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms, in patients with mild NCD. The drug was safe and well tolerated.

• Klíčová slova
• EGb 761, Ginkgo biloba, NCD, mild cognitive impairment, mild neurocognitive disorder, systematic review,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Background Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® and pentoxifylline are frequently prescribed for the treatment of tinnitus. Objective To compare the treatment effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761R and pentoxifylline. Setting The study was performed at Department of Otorhinolaryngology of University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague. Method Patients with sub-chronic or chronic tinnitus were enrolled in double-blind trial and randomized to receive 120 mg EGb 761® or 600 mg pentoxifylline, each twice a day and in double-dummy fashion over a 12-week period. Main outcome measure changes in 11-Point Box Scales for tinnitus loudness and annoyance, the abridged Tinnitus Questionnaire (Mini-TQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Results Full analysis set for efficacy analysis comprised 197 patients (EGb 761®, 99; pentoxifylline 98). For both treatment groups, significant improvements were observed in the Mini-TQ, the 11-Point Box Scales for tinnitus loudness and annoyance, the HADS anxiety score and the SDS. There was no relevant difference with regard to tinnitus-related outcomes between the two treatment groups. 20 adverse events were documented in EGb 761® group and 36 adverse events were reported for pentoxifylline group. No serious adverse event was reported during the study. Conclusion EGb 761® and pentoxifylline were similarly effective in reducing the loudness and annoyance of tinnitus as well as overall suffering of the patients. The incidence of adverse events was lower in the EGb 761® group.

• Klíčová slova
• Effectiveness, Ginkgo biloba, Pentoxifylline, Tinnitus,
• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• Ginkgo biloba MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pentoxifylin škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tinnitus farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• vazodilatancia škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Ginkgo biloba extract MeSH Prohlížeč
• pentoxifylin MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• vazodilatancia MeSH