Gnotobiotic (GN) animals with defined microbiota allow us to study host-microbiota and microbiota-microbiota interferences. Preterm germ-free (GF) piglets were mono-associated with probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB12) to ameliorate/prevent the consequences of infection with the Salmonella Typhimurium strain LT2 (LT2). Goblet cell density; expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, and 9; high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1); interleukin (IL)-6; and IL-12/23p40 were analyzed to evaluate the possible modulatory effect of BB12. BB12 prevented an LT2-induced decrease of goblet cell density in the colon. TLRs signaling modified by LT2 was not influenced by the previous association with BB12. The expression of HMGB1, IL-6, and IL12/23p40 in the jejunum, ileum, and colon and their levels in plasma were all decreased by BB12, but these changes were not statistically significant. In the colon, differences in HMGB1 distribution between the GF and LT2 piglet groups were observed. In conclusion, the mono-association of GF piglets with BB12 prior to LT2 infection partially ameliorated the inflammatory response to LT2 infection.

• Klíčová slova
• Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Salmonella Typhimurium, Toll-like receptors, high mobility group box 1, immunodeficient host, inflammatory cytokines, intestinal barrier, mucin, tight junction proteins,
• MeSH
• Bifidobacterium animalis * MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• probiotika * farmakologie   MeSH
• protein HMGB1 * MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium MeSH
• toll-like receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protein HMGB1 * MeSH
• toll-like receptory MeSH

With the introduction of a new interdisciplinary field, osteoimmunology, today, it is well acknowledged that biomaterial-induced inflammation is modulated by immune cells, primarily macrophages, and can be controlled by nanotopographical cues. Recent studies have investigated the effect of surface properties in modulating the immune reaction, and literature data indicate that various surface cues can dictate both the immune response and bone tissue repair. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) interspacing on the response of the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. The cells were maintained in contact with the surfaces of flat titanium (Ti) and anodic TNTs with an intertube spacing of 20 nm (TNT20) and 80 nm (TNT80), under standard or pro-inflammatory conditions. The results revealed that nanotube interspacing can influence macrophage response in terms of cell survival and proliferation, cellular morphology and polarization, cytokine/chemokine expression, and foreign body reaction. While the nanostructured topography did not tune the macrophages' differentiation into osteoclasts, this behavior was significantly reduced as compared to flat Ti surface. Overall, this study provides a new insight into how nanotubes' morphological features, particularly intertube spacing, could affect macrophage behavior.

• Klíčová slova
• TiO2 nanotubes, cytokines, inflammation, intertube spacing, macrophage, osteoclastogenesis,
• MeSH
• makrofágy metabolismus   MeSH
• nanotrubičky * MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• titan * metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• titan * MeSH
• titanium dioxide MeSH Prohlížeč