Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 20203669
The reorientation of Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson, from therapeutic to ornamental use, exemplifies a broader domestication trend, favoring aesthetics over medicinal properties. Renewed phytomedicinal interest and the rise of plant extract markets drive demand for organic, sustainable consumer products, heightening the competition for superior cultivars. Synthetic polyploidization using oryzalin was conducted to obtain high-quality cultivars of C. fragrans, facilitating enhanced phenotypic and biological traits without genetic modification. This study aimed to explore the metabolic spectrum and biological activities of oryzalin-induced polyploid C. fragrans for its advanced medicinal application. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the ploidy level of the plants. Consequently, GC-FID and 1H NMR analyses revealed distinct metabolite profiles, with increased ethyl stearate, malic acid, gallic acid, fumaric acid, and unique compounds like (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid and dodecan-1-ol in polyploids. Polyploid extracts demonstrated exceptional antioxidant capacity, with DPPH, ORAC, and ABTS assays showing higher radical scavenging and oxygen absorbance abilities than diploid extracts. The polyploid extract showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against skin pathogens, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Callisia extracts, meticulously at a low concentration of 25 µg/mL, showed cytoprotective effects on HT-29 cells, mitigating H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, treatment with polyploid extract was associated with the downregulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, suggesting a potentially greater anti-inflammatory effect compared to the diploid extract. These findings depict enhanced metabolite accumulation and biological activities in polyploid compared than diploid progenitor, highlighting the potential of the novel polyploid C. fragrans variety for future therapeutic applications, particularly in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
- Klíčová slova
- Anti-inflammatory activity, Antioxidant activity, GC-FID, NMR, Polyploidization, Skin infection,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 metabolismus MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polyploidie * MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * MeSH
Within the group of higher fungi, edible medicinal mushrooms have a long history of being used as food and in folk medicine. These species contain biologically active substances with many potential beneficial effects on human health. The Pleurotus genus is representative of medicinal mushrooms because Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most commonly cultivated culinary mushrooms. In our study, we focused on lesser-known species in the genus Pleurotus and measured their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We prepared extracts of the mushrooms and analyzed them using HPLC-HRMS, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR. Significant differences in biological activities were found among the Pleurotus spp. extracts. A MeOH extract of P. flabellatus was the most active as a radical scavenger with the highest ORAC, while a chloroform extract had significant anti-inflammatory COX-2 activity. The 80% MeOH extract of P. flabellatus contained the highest amounts of ergosterol, ergothioneine, and mannitol. The 80% MeOH extract of P. ostreatus Florida was the most active in the NF-κB inhibition assay and had the highest content of β-glucans (43.3% by dry weight). Given the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of P. flabellatus, the potential therapeutic usefulness of this species is worth evaluating through in-depth investigations and confirmation by clinical trials.
Fig trees (Ficus carica L.) are commonly grown in the Mediterranean area, where salinity is an increasing problem in coastal areas. Young, fruiting plants of cv. Dottato were subjected to moderate salt stress (100 mM NaCl added to irrigation water) for 48 days before fruit sampling. To clarify the effect of salinity stress, we investigated changes in the transcription of the main sugar metabolism-related genes involved in the synthesis, accumulation and transport of soluble carbohydrates in ripe fruits by quantitative real-time PCR as well as the content of soluble sugars by quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A general increase in the transcript levels of genes involved in the transport of soluble carbohydrates was observed. Alkaline-neutral and Acid Invertases transcripts, related to the synthesis of glucose and fructose, were up-regulated in ripe fruits of NaCl-stressed plants without a change in the content of D-glucose and D-fructose. The increases in sucrose and D-sorbitol contents were likely the result of the up-regulation of the transcription of Sucrose-Synthase- and Sorbitol-Dehydrogenase-encoding genes.
- Klíčová slova
- 1H NMR, Ficus carica L., RT-qPCR, carbohydrates metabolism, qNMR, salinity stress,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Powdery mildew is a common disease affecting the commercial production of gerbera flowers (Gerbera hybrida, Asteraceae). Some varieties show a certain degree of resistance to it. Our objective was to identify biomarkers of resistance to powdery mildew using an 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemometrics approach in a complex, fully factorial experiment to suggest a target for selection and breeding. Resistant varieties were found to differ from those that were susceptible in the metabolites of the polyketide pathway, such as gerberin, parasorboside, and gerberinside. A new compound probably involved in resistance, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid 3-O-β-D-glucoside, was described for the first time. A decision tree model was built to distinguish resistant varieties, with an accuracy of 57.7%, sensitivity of 72%, and specificity of 44.44% in an independent test. Our results suggest the mechanism of resistance to powdery mildew in gerbera and provide a potential tool for resistance screening in breeding programs.
- Klíčová slova
- 1H NMR, Gerbera hybrida, decision tree, polyketides, powdery mildew resistance,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Many studies have addressed several plant-insect interaction topics at nutritional, molecular, physiological, and evolutionary levels. However, it is still unknown how flexible the metabolism and the nutritional content of specialist insect herbivores feeding on different closely related plants can be. We performed elemental, stoichiometric, and metabolomics analyses on leaves of two coexisting Pinus sylvestris subspecies and on their main insect herbivore; the caterpillar of the processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Caterpillars feeding on different pine subspecies had distinct overall metabolome structure, accounting for over 10% of the total variability. Although plants and insects have very divergent metabolomes, caterpillars showed certain resemblance to their plant-host metabolome. In addition, few plant-related secondary metabolites were found accumulated in caterpillar tissues which could potentially be used for self-defense. Caterpillars feeding on N and P richer needles had lower N and P tissue concentration and higher C:N and C:P ratios, suggesting that nutrient transfer is not necessarily linear through trophic levels and other plant-metabolic factors could be interfering. This exploratory study showed that little chemical differences between plant food sources can impact the overall metabolome of specialist insect herbivores. Significant nutritional shifts in herbivore tissues could lead to larger changes of the trophic web structure.
- Klíčová slova
- herbivory, metabolomics, plant-insect, processionary moth, scots pine, secondary metabolites, stoichiometry,
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- borovice lesní metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- býložravci MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- larva chemie fyziologie MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- metabolom * MeSH
- metabolomika * MeSH
- můry růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
Metabolomes, as chemical phenotypes of organisms, are likely not only shaped by the environment but also by common ancestry. If this is the case, we expect that closely related species of pines will tend to reach similar metabolomic solutions to the same environmental stressors. We examined the metabolomes of two sympatric subspecies of Pinus sylvestris in Sierra Nevada (southern Iberian Peninsula), in summer and winter and exposed to folivory by the pine processionary moth. The overall metabolomes differed between the subspecies but both tended to respond more similarly to folivory. The metabolomes of the subspecies were more dissimilar in summer than in winter, and iberica trees had higher concentrations of metabolites directly related to drought stress. Our results are consistent with the notion that certain plant metabolic responses associated with folivory have been phylogenetically conserved. The larger divergence between subspecies metabolomes in summer is likely due to the warmer and drier conditions that the northern iberica subspecies experience in Sierra Nevada. Our results provide crucial insights into how iberica populations would respond to the predicted conditions of climate change under an increased defoliation in the Mediterranean Basin.
- Klíčová slova
- Pinus sylvestris, drought, evolutionary processes, folivory, herbivorous attack, metabolomics, processionary moth, sympatric subspecies,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
