Acute kidney injury is a common complication in critically ill patients with sepsis and/or septic shock. Further, some essential antimicrobial treatment drugs are themselves nephrotoxic. For this reason, timely diagnosis and adequate therapeutic management are paramount. Of potential acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers, non-protein-coding RNAs are a subject of ongoing research. This review covers the pathophysiology of vancomycin and gentamicin nephrotoxicity in particular, septic AKI and the microRNAs involved in the pathophysiology of both syndromes. PubMED, UptoDate, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched, using the terms: biomarkers, acute kidney injury, antibiotic nephrotoxicity, sepsis, miRNA and nephrotoxicity. A comprehensive review describing pathophysiology and potential biomarkers of septic and toxic acute kidney injury in septic patients was conducted. In addition, five miRNAs: miR-15a-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-486-5p and miR-423-5p specific to septic and toxic acute kidney injury in septic patients, treated by nephrotoxic antibiotic agents (vancomycin and gentamicin) were identified. However, while these are at the stage of clinical testing, preclinical and clinical trials are needed before they can be considered useful biomarkers or therapeutic targets of AKI in the context of antibiotic nephrotoxicity or septic injury.

• Klíčová slova
• acute kidney injury, gentamicin, miRNA, nephrotoxicity, sepsis, vancomycin,
• MeSH
• akutní poškození ledvin chemicky indukované   diagnóza   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• gentamiciny škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA analýza   MeSH
• sepse komplikace   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• vankomycin škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• gentamiciny MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH
• vankomycin MeSH