Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 24332226
The Varroa mite is one of the most important pests of honey bee colonies. This study compares the efficiency of thymol-based acaricides with the tau-fluvalinate-based commercial treatment to control this mite species. Two experiments were conducted: (1) in the Fall, thymol-based gel was compared with a widely used acaricide, fluvalinate-impregnated strips (Apistan®), and (2) in the Spring, gels containing thymol-only, thymol + menthol + eucalyptus essential oil, and thymol + thyme essential oil were compared with fluvalinate-impregnated strips. In the first experiment, both treatments reduced Varroa mite infestation levels significantly after 70 days of their application compared to the control treatment. The results of the second experiment showed that thymol + thyme essential oil gel, thymol + menthol + eucalyptus essential oil gel, and Apistan strips had always higher efficiency on decreasing mite infestation levels of the selected colonies compared to the control treatment and thymol-only gel during their 7-week application. The results of this study demonstrate that plant-based acaricides for controlling Varroa mites in honey bee colonies have similar efficiency compared to the chemical control methods. Therefore, it is better to use these selected acaricides to reduce mite resistance to chemical control treatments in honey bee colonies.
- Klíčová slova
- Apis mellifera, Apistan, Essential oils, Eucalyptus, Menthol, Thymol,
- MeSH
- akaricidy * MeSH
- gely MeSH
- infestace roztoči * MeSH
- menthol MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- thymol MeSH
- Varroidae * MeSH
- včely MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- akaricidy * MeSH
- fluvalinate MeSH Prohlížeč
- gely MeSH
- menthol MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- thyme oil MeSH Prohlížeč
- thymol MeSH
This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, insecticidal and acaricidal potential of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the resurrection plant Myrothamnus moschatus (Baill.) Baill. (Myrothamnaceae) from Madagascar. The EO bioactivity was evaluated against selected arthropod pests and vectors of agricultural and public health relevance. The most abundant volatile compounds were trans-pinocarveol (37.7 ± 4.2%) and pinocarvone (20.8 ± 3.1%), similar to the EO of the chemotype collected from the same region. Lethal concentrations (LC50) or doses (LD50) from acute toxicity tests were estimated for Musca domestica (L.) adults at 22.7 µg adult-1, for Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) larvae at 35.6 µg larva-1, for Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) at 43.6 µg mL-1, for adults of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) at 2.4 mL L-1, and for adults of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) at 1.2 mL L-1. The good insecticidal and acaricidal activities determined in this work may open a new perspective on the use of this plant as a source of botanical insecticide ingredients. The exploitation of this species could also be important for the African economy, helping local farmers cultivating this plant.
Synthetic chemical pesticides can enhance crop yields but also have undesired effects. Alternative 'botanical insecticides' may also have non-target effects on pollinators and biocontrol services. Employing action thresholds (ATs) can reduce pesticide (whether synthetic or botanical) use compared to fixed-interval applications. Here the azadirachtin-based botanical formulation NeemAzal and a neem seed extract (NSE) were evaluated in field spraying trials alongside commonly-used synthetics (Voliam Flexi [chlorentraniliprole plus thiamethoxam] and imidacloprid) in developing ATs for the regular and cosmopolitan cauliflower pests Brevicoryne brassicae, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura. We considered the size of the S. litura larvae infesting the crop in order to derive ATs. ATs per plant were higher for NeemAzal (0.55 larvae for P. xylostella and 3 larvae for large-sized S. litura) than for Voliam Flexi (0.30 larvae for P. xylostella and 0.80 larvae for S. litura) but were similar for B. brassicae (50 individuals). Higher ATs when using azadirachtin were associated with the diverse modes of action of botanicals, for instance NeemAzal and NSE deterred oviposition of S. litura. Although the exact values of ATs are likely to have regional limits, our approach can be applied for determining ATs against common lepidopteran and aphid pests in many other vegetable crop agro-ecosystems.
- MeSH
- Brassica * MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- dusíkaté sloučeniny farmakologie MeSH
- glyceridy farmakologie MeSH
- insekticidy chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- limoniny farmakologie MeSH
- mšice účinky léků MeSH
- můry účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- neonikotinoidy farmakologie MeSH
- ovum účinky léků MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- terpeny farmakologie MeSH
- thiamethoxam farmakologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- azadirachtin MeSH Prohlížeč
- dusíkaté sloučeniny MeSH
- glyceridy MeSH
- imidacloprid MeSH Prohlížeč
- insekticidy MeSH
- limoniny MeSH
- neem oil MeSH Prohlížeč
- neonikotinoidy MeSH
- terpeny MeSH
- thiamethoxam MeSH
Aphids are an important agricultural pest that not only damage plants by suction, but can also transmit a number of economically important plant viruses. Protection against aphids is based on the use of synthetic insecticides. However, these products can be dangerous for non-target organisms. Therefore, it is important to develop new, environmentally safe plant protection methods.In this study, we have tested an essential oil (EO) obtained from Foeniculum vulgare for the mortality of Myzus persicae, an important polyphagous pest, its natural predator Harmonia axyridis, and Eisenia fetida as a representative of soil organisms. The EO, with its major compounds trans-anethole (67.9%) and fenchone (25.5%), was found to provide excellent efficacy against M. persicae (LC50 = 0.6 and LC90 = 2.4 mL L-1) while not causing any significant mortality of the tested non-target organisms. On the contrary, application of an insecticide based on the active substance alpha-cypermethrin not only caused mortality in the aphids, but also had a fatal negative effect on both the non-target organisms we tested, resulting in their high mortality.Our results indicate very high prospects for using the essential oil from F. vulgare in the development of environmentally safe botanical insecticides designed for plant protection against aphids.
- Klíčová slova
- Botanical insecticides, Eisenia fetida, Essential oils, Harmonia axyridis, No-target organisms,
- MeSH
- brouci účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- dezinsekce * MeSH
- Foeniculum chemie MeSH
- insekticidy * toxicita MeSH
- larva účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- mšice * růst a vývoj MeSH
- oleje prchavé * toxicita MeSH
- Oligochaeta účinky léků MeSH
- potravní řetězec MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- insekticidy * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
The rapid spread of highly aggressive arboviruses, parasites, and bacteria along with the development of resistance in the pathogens and parasites, as well as in their arthropod vectors, represents a huge challenge in modern parasitology and tropical medicine. Eco-friendly vector control programs are crucial to fight, besides malaria, the spread of dengue, West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika virus, as well as other arboviruses such as St. Louis encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. However, research efforts on the control of mosquito vectors are experiencing a serious lack of eco-friendly and highly effective pesticides, as well as the limited success of most biocontrol tools currently applied. Most importantly, a cooperative interface between the two disciplines is still lacking. To face this challenge, we have reviewed a wide number of promising results in the field of green-fabricated pesticides tested against mosquito vectors, outlining several examples of synergy with classic biological control tools. The non-target effects of green-fabricated nanopesticides, including acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and impact on behavioral traits of mosquito predators, have been critically discussed. In the final section, we have identified several key challenges at the interface between "green" nanotechnology and classic biological control, which deserve further research attention.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbovirus, Biosafety, Dengue, Genotoxicity, Japanese encephalitis, Malaria, Nanosynthesis, West Nile virus, Zika virus,
- MeSH
- dengue MeSH
- hmyz - vektory účinky léků MeSH
- infekce virem zika mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malárie MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola * metody MeSH
- One Health MeSH
- virus zika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Arthropods are dangerous vectors of agents of deadly diseases, which may hit as epidemics or pandemics in the increasing world population of humans and animals. Among them, ticks transmit more pathogen species than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide. Thus, the effective and eco-friendly control of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. A number of novel routes have been attempted to prevent and control tick-borne diseases, including the development of (i) vaccines against viruses vectored by ticks; (ii) pheromone-based control tools, with special reference to the "lure and kill" techniques; (iii) biological control programmes relying on ticks' natural enemies and pathogens; and (iv) the integrated pest management practices aimed at reducing tick interactions with livestock. However, the extensive employment of acaricides and tick repellents still remains the two most effective and ready-to-use strategies. Unfortunately, the first one is limited by the rapid development of resistance in ticks, as well as by serious environmental concerns. On the other hand, the exploitation of plants as sources of effective tick repellents is often promising. Here, we reviewed current knowledge concerning the effectiveness of plant extracts as acaricides or repellents against tick vectors of public health importance, with special reference to Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Amblyomma cajennense, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Eighty-three plant species from 35 botanical families were selected. The most frequent botanical families exploited as sources of acaricides and repellents against ticks were Asteraceae (15 % of the selected studies), Fabaceae (9 %), Lamiaceae (10 %), Meliaceae (5 %), Solanaceae (6 %) and Verbenaceae (5 %). Regression equation analyses showed that the literature grew by approximately 20 % per year (period: 2005-2015). Lastly, in the final section, insights for future research are discussed. We focused on some caveats for future data collection and analysis. Current critical points mainly deal with (a) not uniform methods used, which prevent proper comparison of the results; (b) inaccurate tested concentrations, frequently 100 % concentration corresponded to the gross extract, where the exact amounts of extracted substances are unknown; and (c) not homogeneous size of tested tick instars and species. Overall, the knowledge summarized in this review may be helpful for comparative screening among extensive numbers of plant-borne preparations, in order to develop newer and safer tick control tools.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbovirus, Argasidae, Biosafety, DEET, Icaridin, Ixodidae, Lyme disease, Plant extract, Rickettsiales,
- MeSH
- akaricidy farmakologie MeSH
- Asteraceae chemie MeSH
- dobytek MeSH
- Fabaceae chemie MeSH
- hluchavkovité chemie MeSH
- infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
- klíště účinky léků MeSH
- kontrola klíšťat metody MeSH
- nemoci přenášené klíšťaty prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- akaricidy MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
The efficacy of 30 aromatic compounds and their mutual binary combinations was assessed for acute toxicity against the larvae Culex quinquefasciatus. Based on comparison of the lethal doses, thymol and p-cymene were selected as the most effective (LD50 = 18 and 21 mg L(-1), respectively, and LD90 = 25 and 30 mg L(-1), respectively). Although the LD50 for terpinolene and trans-anethole was also estimated at 21 mg L(-1), their LD90 was significantly higher compared to the substances above (245 and 34 mg L(-1), respectively). In total, 435 binary combinations were tested, of which 249 combinations showed a significant synergistic effect, while 74 combinations showed a significant antagonistic effect on mortality. Only nine substances were identified as being able to create a synergistic effect with more than 20 substances: limonene, trans-anethole, 4-allylanisole, carvacrol, isoeugenol, menthone, carvone, borneol, and camphor. The highest synergistic effect on larval mortality was achieved for the combinations: eugenol and isoeugenol, carvone and carvacrol, carvone and 4-allylanisole, carvone and α-terpineol, carvone and menthone, limonene and trans-anethole, limonene and menthone, α-pinene and menthone, β-citronellol and menthone, carvacrol and 4-allylanisole, carvacrol and terpineol, α-terpinene and trans-anethole, camphor and menthone, camphene and menthone, and 4-allylanisole and menthone. Significant differences between achieved mortality and the mutual mixing ratio were found for the five selected binary mixtures that had shown the most significant synergistic effect in the previous tests. The mixture of limonene and trans-anethole showed the highest mortality, with the mixing ratio 1:1; the mixture of eugenol and isoeugenol caused 90.2% mortality, with the mixing ratio 1:3. One hundred percent mortality was achieved if carvacrol was contained in a mixture with carvone in a ratio >2. After a comparison of all our results, based on our experiments, we can choose two pairs that caused mortality higher than 90% in concentrations lower than 20 mg L(-1): limonene and trans-anethole (with the mixing ratio 1:1), and carvone and carvacrol (with the mixing ratio 1:2-3). The information gained can thus be used in the development of new botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs) and particularly in the creation of formulations.
- MeSH
- Culex účinky léků růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- insekticidy farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- larva účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- oleje prchavé farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- insekticidy MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
