Ergot, fungal genus Claviceps, are worldwide distributed grass pathogens known for their production of toxic ergot alkaloids (EAs) and the great agricultural impact they have on both cereal crop and farm animal production. EAs are traditionally considered as the only factor responsible for ergot toxicity. Using broad sampling covering 13 ergot species infecting wild or agricultural grasses (including cereals) across Europe, USA, New Zealand, and South Africa we showed that the content of ergochrome pigments were comparable to the content of EAs in sclerotia. While secalonic acids A-C (SAs), the main ergot ergochromes (ECs), are well known toxins, our study is the first to address the question about their contribution to overall ergot toxicity. Based on our and published data, the importance of SAs in acute intoxication seems to be negligible, but the effect of chronic exposure needs to be evaluated. Nevertheless, they have biological activities at doses corresponding to quantities found in natural conditions. Our study highlights the need for a re-evaluation of ergot toxicity mechanisms and further studies of SAs' impact on livestock production and food safety.

• Klíčová slova
• Claviceps, cereals, ergochromes, ergot alkaloids, food safety, mycotoxins, secalonic acid, tetrahydroxanthones,
• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• Claviceps chemie   MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• Jurkat buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie účinky léků   MeSH
• mykotoxiny analýza   farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• námelové alkaloidy analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• xantheny analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ergochromes MeSH Prohlížeč
• mykotoxiny MeSH
• námelové alkaloidy MeSH
• xantheny MeSH

This genome announcement includes draft genomes from Claviceps purpurea s.lat., including C. arundinis, C. humidiphila and C. cf. spartinae. The draft genomes of Davidsoniella eucalypti, Quambalaria eucalypti and Teratosphaeria destructans, all three important eucalyptus pathogens, are presented. The insect associate Grosmannia galeiformis is also described. The pine pathogen genome of Fusarium circinatum has been assembled into pseudomolecules, based on additional sequence data and by harnessing the known synteny within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. This new assembly of the F. circinatum genome provides 12 pseudomolecules that correspond to the haploid chromosome number of F. circinatum. These are comparable to other chromosomal assemblies within the FFSC and will enable more robust genomic comparisons within this species complex.

• Klíčová slova
• Eucalyptus, Poaceae, chromosome numbers, ergotism, pine pitch canker,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH