Mammary epithelial ducts, the main functional compartment of the mammary gland, are embedded in an adipocyte-rich stroma, which is essential for proper mammary gland development, function, and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, the adipocyte compartment has an important role in cancer progression. To better understand cell-to-cell interactions and the role of the adipocytes in the mammary gland, development of proper in vitro models which realistically mimic in vivo conditions has been essential. In this chapter, we describe a simple and effective method for generating mammary gland adipocytes from mammary fibroblasts and their subsequent co-culture with mammary epithelial organoids to further investigate the role of adipocytes in epithelial development and morphogenesis.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D culture, Adipocyte, Co-culture, Development, Differentiation, Mammary gland, Organoid,
• MeSH
• epitelové buňky * MeSH
• fibroblasty MeSH
• kokultivační techniky MeSH
• mléčné žlázy zvířat * MeSH
• organoidy MeSH
• tukové buňky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fibroblasts are an integral cell type of mammary gland stroma, which plays crucial roles in development, homeostasis, and tumorigenesis of mammary epithelium. Fibroblasts produce and remodel extracellular matrix proteins and secrete a plethora of paracrine signals, which instruct both epithelial and other stromal cells of the mammary gland through mechanisms, which have not been fully understood. To enable deciphering of the intricate fibroblast-epithelial interactions, we developed several 3D co-culture methods. In this chapter, we describe methods for establishment of various types of embedded 3D co-cultures of mammary fibroblasts with mammary epithelial organoids, mammary tumor organoids, or breast cancer spheroids to investigate the role of fibroblasts in mammary epithelial development, morphogenesis, and tumorigenesis. The co-culture types include dispersed, aggregated, and transwell cultures.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D culture, Breast cancer, Co-culture, Epithelium, Extracellular matrix, Fibroblast, Mammary gland, Organoid, Spheroid,
• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• epitel metabolismus   MeSH
• epitelové buňky * MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• karcinogeneze patologie   MeSH
• kokultivační techniky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy zvířat * MeSH
• organoidy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Epithelial branching morphogenesis is an essential process in living organisms, through which organ-specific epithelial shapes are created. Interactions between epithelial cells and their stromal microenvironment instruct branching morphogenesis but remain incompletely understood. Here, we employed fibroblast-organoid or fibroblast-spheroid co-culture systems and time-lapse imaging to reveal that physical contact between fibroblasts and epithelial cells and fibroblast contractility are required to induce mammary epithelial branching. Pharmacological inhibition of ROCK or non-muscle myosin II, or fibroblast-specific knock-out of Myh9 abrogate fibroblast-induced epithelial branching. The process of fibroblast-induced branching requires epithelial proliferation and is associated with distinctive epithelial patterning of yes associated protein (YAP) activity along organoid branches, which is dependent on fibroblast contractility. Moreover, we provide evidence for the in vivo existence of contractile fibroblasts specifically surrounding terminal end buds (TEBs) of pubertal murine mammary glands, advocating for an important role of fibroblast contractility in branching in vivo. Together, we identify fibroblast contractility as a novel stromal factor driving mammary epithelial morphogenesis. Our study contributes to comprehensive understanding of overlapping but divergent employment of mechanically active fibroblasts in developmental versus tumorigenic programs.

• MeSH
• epitelové buňky * metabolismus   MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• kokultivační techniky MeSH
• mléčné žlázy zvířat * metabolismus   MeSH
• morfogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH