Familial clustering of lung cancer (LC) is related to shared smoking habits but the contribution of other potential factors such as sex or histology is not well known, and these are the subjects of the present study in Sweden. Family relationships (from Multigeneration register) and diagnosed cancers (from Cancer registry) were obtained from the national registers from 1961 to 2021. The overall familial risk for LC was constant from the 1990s but the male familial risk decreased while the female familial risk doubled at the same time when female incidence doubled. The female familial risk for mother-daughter pairs was higher (SIR = 2.2 [2.0-2.3], N = 716) than for father-son pairs (SIR = 1.6 [1.5-1.8], N = 962). The histology-specific familial risks for adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell and large cell carcinoma were highest for concordant histology but also present for discordant histology. The number of family members diagnosed with LC was a strong determinant of familial risk. The novel results showed that familial risk of LC depends on the background incidence of LC and is higher for women compared to men. We demonstrated further an increased familial risk for each of the four histological types of LC which was higher for concordant than discordant histologies but was even detected between discordant histologies suggesting that LC histology is not a genetic trait.

• Klíčová slova
• adenocarcinoma, age of onset, incidence trend, proband, sibling risk,
• MeSH
• adenokarcinom epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic * epidemiologie   patologie   genetika   MeSH
• registrace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švédsko epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cancers of the head and neck (HN) are heterogeneous tumors with incidence rates varying globally. In Northern Europe oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most common individual types. Survival for HN varies by individual tumor type but for most of them survival trends are not well known over extended periods of time. METHODS: Data for a retrospective survival study were obtained for Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish patients from the NORDCAN database from 1971 to 2020. Relative 1- and 5-year survival rates and 5/1-year conditional survival for years 2-5 were calculated. RESULTS: Both 1- and 5-year survival improved for all HN cancers but only marginally for laryngeal cancer. For the other cancers a 50-year increase in 5-year survival was about 30% units for nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, 20% units for oral cancer and somewhat less for hypopharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: 5-year survival reached about 65% for all HN cancers, except for hypopharyngeal cancer (30%). Human papilloma virus infection is becoming a dominant risk factor for the rapidly increasing oropharyngeal cancer, the prevention of which needs to emphasize oral sex as a route of infection.

• Klíčová slova
• conditional survival, human papilloma virus, oral cancer, pharyngeal cancer,
• MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádory hltanu * mortalita   epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory hrtanu * mortalita   epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory úst mortalita   epidemiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Skandinávie a severské státy epidemiologie   MeSH

Kidney and bladder cancers share etiology and relatively good recent survival, but long-term studies are rare. We analyzed survival for these cancers in Denmark, Finland, Norway (NO), and Sweden (SE) over a 50-year period (1971-2020). Relative 1- and 5-year survival data were obtained from the NORDCAN database, and we additionally calculated conditional 5/1-year survival. In 2016-2020, 5-year survivals for male kidney (79.0%) and bladder (81.6%) cancers were best in SE. For female kidney cancer, NO survival reached 80.0%, and for bladder cancer, SE survival reached 76.1%. The magnitude of 5-year survival improvements during the 50-year period in kidney cancer was over 40% units; for bladder cancer, the improvement was over 20% units. Survival in bladder cancer was worse for women than for men, particularly in year 1. In both cancers, deaths in the first year were approximately as many as in the subsequent 4 years. We could document an impressive development for kidney cancer with tripled male and doubled female 5-year survival in 50 years. Additionally, for bladder cancer, a steady improvement was recorded. The current challenges are to curb early mortality and target treatment to reduce long-term mortality.

• Klíčová slova
• conditional survival, relative survival, surgery, treatment, uro-oncology,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH