We propose a method to estimate pairwise strain interactions from population-level frequencies across different endemic settings. We apply the framework of replicator dynamics, derived from a multi-strain SIS model with co-colonization, to extract from 5 datasets the fundamental backbone of strain interactions. In our replicator, each pairwise invasion fitness explicitly arises from local environmental context and trait variations between strains. We adopt the simplest formulation for multi-strain coexistence, where context is encoded in basic reproduction number R 0 and mean global susceptibility to co-colonization k, and trait variations α ij capture pairwise deviations from k. We integrate Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype frequencies and serotype identities collected from 5 environments: epidemiological surveys in Denmark, Nepal, Iran, Brazil and Mozambique, and mechanistically link their distributions. Our results have twofold implications. First, we offer a new proof-of-concept in the inference of multi-species interactions based on cross-sectional data. We also discuss 2 key aspects of the method: the site ordering for sequential fitting, and stability constraints on the dynamics. Secondly, we effectively estimate at high-resolution more than 70% of the 92 × 92 pneumococcus serotype interaction matrix in co-colonization, allowing for further projections and hypotheses testing. We show that, in these bacteria, both within- and between- serotype interaction coefficients' distribution emerge to be unimodal, their difference in mean broadly reflecting stability assumptions on serotype coexistence. This framework enables further model calibration to global data: cross-sectional across sites, or longitudinal in one site over time, - and should allow a more robust and integrated investigation of intervention effects in such biodiverse ecosystems.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matematické pojmy MeSH
• mikrobiální interakce * MeSH
• pneumokokové infekce * epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• Streptococcus pneumoniae * patogenita   klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• základní reprodukční číslo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Írán epidemiologie   MeSH
• Mosambik epidemiologie   MeSH
• Nepál epidemiologie   MeSH