Nitrogen deficiency in low organic matter soils significantly reduces crop yield and plant health. The effects of foliar applications of indole acetic acid (IAA), trehalose (TA), and nanoparticles-coated urea (NPCU) on the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes in nitrogen-deficient soil are not well documented in the literature. This study aims to explore the influence of IAA, TA, and NPCU on tomato plants in nitrogen-deficient soil. Treatments included control, 2mM IAA, 0.1% TA, and 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA, applied with and without NPCU. Results showed that 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU significantly improved shoot length (~ 30%), root length (~ 63%), plant fresh (~ 48%) and dry weight (~ 48%), number of leaves (~ 38%), and leaf area (~ 58%) compared to control (NPCU only). Additionally, significant improvements in chlorophyll content, total protein, and total soluble sugar, along with a decrease in antioxidant activity (POD, SOD, CAT, and APX), validated the effectiveness of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU. The combined application of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU can be recommended as an effective strategy to enhance tomato growth and yield in nitrogen-deficient soils. This approach can be integrated into current agricultural practices to improve crop resilience and productivity, especially in regions with poor soil fertility. To confirm the efficacy of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU in various crops and climatic conditions, additional field studies are required.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant activity, Growth attributes, Indole acetic acid, Nanoparticles, Tomato, Trehalose,
• MeSH
• dusík * metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové * farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• listy rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• močovina * MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• půda * chemie   MeSH
• Solanum lycopersicum * růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• trehalosa * farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík * MeSH
• indoleacetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny indoloctové * MeSH
• močovina * MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý * MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• trehalosa * MeSH

Increased awareness of the impact of human activities on the environment has emerged in recent decades. One significant global environmental and human health issue is the development of materials that could potentially have negative effects. These materials can accumulate in the environment, infiltrate organisms, and move up the food chain, causing toxic effects at various levels. Therefore, it is crucial to assess materials comprising nano-scale particles due to the rapid expansion of nanotechnology. The aquatic environment, particularly vulnerable to waste pollution, demands attention. This review provides an overview of the behavior and fate of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in the aquatic environment. It focuses on recent studies investigating the toxicity of different metallic NPs on aquatic organisms, with a specific emphasis on thiol-biomarkers of oxidative stress such as glutathione, thiol- and related-enzymes, and metallothionein. Additionally, the selection of suitable measurement methods for monitoring thiol-biomarkers in NPs' ecotoxicity assessments is discussed. The review also describes the analytical techniques employed for determining levels of oxidative stress biomarkers.

• Klíčová slova
• Aquatic organism, Glutathione, Mass spectrometry, Metallothionein, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia * metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery * metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita   analýza   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * toxicita   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metalothionein metabolismus   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• oxidační stres * účinky léků   MeSH
• peptidy toxicita   MeSH
• vodní organismy účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• biologické markery * MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• metalothionein MeSH
• peptidy MeSH

Cadmium stress (CS) induced the peroxide damage and inhibited wheat photosynthetic capacity and growth. Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and photochemical quenching, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities, ascorbic acid and glutathione contents, AsA/dehydroascorbic acid and GSH/oxidized glutathione, and decreased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), antioxidant biomarkers malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, and electrolyte leakage (EL). At the same time, Se alone declined antioxidant biomarkers contents, qN and EL, and augmented the rest of the aforementioned indexes. Our research implied that Se upregulated wheat's antioxidant capacity. In this way, Se improved wheat photosynthetic performance and growth, especially for 10 μM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Consequently, 10 μM Na2SeO3 may be considered a useful exogenous substance to reinforce wheat cadmium tolerance.

• Klíčová slova
• Triticum aestivum, antioxidant enzyme, cadmium treatment, nonenzymatic antioxidant, sodium selenite,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Diabetic cardiomyopathy may result from the overproduction of ROS, TRPM2 and TRPV2. Moreover, the therapeutic role of ginger, omega-3 fatty acids, and their combinations on the expression of TRPM2 and TRPV2 and their relationship with apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage in heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes have not yet been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ginger and omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic cardiomyopathy by evaluating the cardiac gene expression of TRPM2 and TRPV2, oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in male rats. Ninety adult male Wistar rats were equally divided into nine control, diabetes, and treated diabetes groups. Ginger extract (100 mg/kg) and omega-3 fatty acids (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) were orally administrated in diabetic rats for 6 weeks. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg). Glucose, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lipid profile, insulin in serum, and TNF-alpha IL-6, SOD, MDA, and CAT in the left ventricle of the heart were measured. The cardiac expression of TRPM2, TRPV2, NF-kappaB, Bcl2, Bax, Cas-3, and Nrf-2 genes was also measured in the left ventricle of the heart. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was continuously recorded to monitor arrhythmia at the end of the course. The serum levels of cTnI, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile, and the cardiac levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-alpha increased in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the cardiac levels of SOD and CAT decreased in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The cardiac expression of TRPM2, TRPV2, NF-kappaB, Bax, and Cas-3 increased and Bcl2 and Nrf-2 expression decreased in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, simultaneous and separate treatment with ginger extract and omega-3 fatty acids (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) could significantly moderate these changes (p<0.05). The results also showed that the simultaneous treatment of ginger extract and different doses of omega-3 fatty acids have improved therapeutic effects than their individual treatments (p<0.05). It can be concluded that ginger and omega-3 fatty acids showed protective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative damage of the heart and reducing blood glucose and cardiac expression of TRPM2 and TRPV2. Combining ginger and omega-3 in the diet may provide a natural approach to reducing the risk or progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy while preserving heart structure and function.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   metabolismus   komplikace   MeSH
• diabetická kardiomyopatie * metabolismus   farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPM metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPV metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 * farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar * MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zázvor lékařský * chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kationtové kanály TRPM MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPV MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH

Plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stressors, including drought stress, that are fatal to their growth and ability to produce under natural conditions. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate the drought tolerance potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants under the co-application of biochar and rhizobacteria, Cellulomonas pakistanensis (National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP)11) and Sphingobacterium pakistanensis (NCCP246). The experiment was initiated by sowing the inoculated seeds with the aforementioned rhizobacterial strains in earthen pots filled with 3 kg of sand-mixed soil and 5% biochar. The morphology of biochar was observed with highly porous nature, along with the detection of various essential elements. The biochemical and physiological data showed that phenolic compounds and osmolytes were adversely affected by the induction of drought stress. However, the application of biochar and rhizobacteria boosted the level of flavonoids on average by 52.03%, total phenols by 50.67%, soluble sugar by 82.85%, proline by 76.81%, glycine betaine by 107.25%, and total protein contents by 89.18% in all co-treatments of biochar and rhizobacteria. In addition, stress indicator compounds, including malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and H2O2, were remarkably alleviated by 54.21% and 47.03%, respectively. Similarly, the amplitude of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase was also enhanced by 63.80%, 80.95%, 37.87%, and 58.20%, respectively, in all co-treatments of rhizobacteria and biochar. Conclusively, biochar and rhizobacteria have a magnificent role in enhancing the drought tolerance potential of crop plants by boosting the physio-biochemical traits and enhancing the level of antioxidant enzymes.

• Klíčová slova
• Vicia faba, Antioxidant enzymes, Biochar, Osmolytes, Stress indicators,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie   MeSH
• fenoly metabolismus   MeSH
• flavonoidy metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• období sucha * MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• Vicia faba * mikrobiologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• malondialdehyd MeSH

Nickel (Ni) is a heavy metal that adversely affects the growth of different crops by inducing oxidative stress and nutrient imbalance. The role of rhizobacteria (RB) is vital to resolve this issue. They can promote root growth and facilitate the uptake of water and nutrients, resulting in better crop growth. On the other hand, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can maintain the osmotic balance and scavenge the reactive oxygen species under stress conditions. However, the combined effect of GABA and RB has not been thoroughly explored to alleviate Ni toxicity, especially in fenugreek plants. Therefore, in the current pot study, four treatments, i.e., control, A. fabrum (RB), 0.40 mM GABA, and 0.40 mM GABA + RB, were applied under 0Ni and 80 mg Ni/kg soil (80Ni) stress. Results showed that RB + 0.40 mM GABA caused significant improvements in shoot length (~ 13%), shoot fresh weight (~ 47%), shoot dry weight (~ 47%), root length (~ 13%), root fresh weight (~ 60%), and root dry weight (~ 15%) over control under 80 Ni toxicity. A significant enhancement in total chlorophyll (~ 14%), photosynthetic rate (~ 17%), stomatal CO2 concentration (~ 19%), leaves and roots N (~ 10 and ~ 37%), P (~ 18 and ~ 7%) and K (~ 11 and ~ 30%) concentrations, while a decrease in Ni (~ 83 and ~ 49%) concentration also confirmed the effectiveness of RB + 0.40 mM GABA than control under 80Ni. In conclusion, fabrum + 0.40 mM GABA can potentially alleviate the Ni toxicity in fenugreek plants. The implications of these findings extend to agricultural practices, environmental remediation efforts, nutritional security, and ecological impact. Further research is recommended to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, assess long-term effects, and determine the practical feasibility of using A. fabrum + 0.40GABA to improve growth in different crops under Ni toxicity.

• Klíčová slova
• Chlorophyll contents, Fenugreek, Gas exchange attributes, Nickel, Rhizobacteria, γ-Aminobutyric acid,
• MeSH
• GABA * metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin účinky léků   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu toxicita   MeSH
• nikl * toxicita   MeSH
• Trigonella * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Salinity stress is a significant challenge in agricultural production. When soil contains high salts, it can adversely affect plant growth and productivity due to the high concentration of soluble salts in the soil water. To overcome this issue, foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and gibberellic acid (GA3) can be productive amendments. Both can potentially improve the plant's growth attributes and flowering, which are imperative in improving growth and yield. However, limited literature is available on their combined use in canola to mitigate salinity stress. That's why the current study investigates the impact of different levels of MJ (at concentrations of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mM MJ) and GA3 (0GA3 and 5 mg/L GA3) on canola cultivated in salt-affected soils. Applying all the treatments in four replicates. Results indicate that the application of 0.8 mM MJ with 5 mg/L GA3 significantly enhances shoot length (23.29%), shoot dry weight (24.77%), number of leaves per plant (24.93%), number of flowering branches (26.11%), chlorophyll a (31.44%), chlorophyll b (20.28%) and total chlorophyll (27.66%) and shoot total soluble carbohydrates (22.53%) over control. Treatment with 0.8 mM MJ and 5 mg/L GA3 resulted in a decrease in shoot proline (48.17%), MDA (81.41%), SOD (50.59%), POD (14.81%) while increase in N (10.38%), P (15.22%), and K (8.05%) compared to control in canola under salinity stress. In conclusion, 0.8 mM MJ + 5 mg/L GA3 can improve canola growth under salinity stress. More investigations are recommended at the field level to declare 0.8 mM MJ + 5 mg/L GA3 as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different crops.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidants, Growth attributes, Growth hormones, Nutrients concentration, Salinity stress,
• MeSH
• acetáty * farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia * metabolismus   MeSH
• Brassica napus * růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• cyklopentany * farmakologie   MeSH
• gibereliny * metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxylipiny * farmakologie   MeSH
• půda * chemie   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin * farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• solný stres účinky léků   MeSH
• živiny metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty * MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• chlorofyl MeSH
• cyklopentany * MeSH
• gibberellic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• gibereliny * MeSH
• methyl jasmonate MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxylipiny * MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin * MeSH

Salinity stress ranks among the most prevalent stress globally, contributing to soil deterioration. Its negative impacts on crop productivity stem from mechanisms such as osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress, all of which impede plant growth and yield. The effect of cobalt with proline on mitigating salinity impact in radish plants is still unclear. That's why the current study was conducted with aim to explore the impact of different levels of Co and proline on radish cultivated in salt affected soils. There were four levels of cobalt, i.e., (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L) applied as CoSO4 and two levels of proline (0 and 0.25 mM), which were applied as foliar. The treatments were applied in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that 20 CoSO4 with proline showed improvement in shoot length (∼ 20%), root length (∼ 23%), plant dry weight (∼ 19%), and plant fresh weight (∼ 41%) compared to control. The significant increase in chlorophyll, physiological and biochemical attributes of radish plants compared to the control confirms the efficacy of 20 CoSO4 in conjunction with 10 mg/L proline for mitigating salinity stress. In conclusion, application of cobalt with proline can help to alleviate salinity stress in radish plants. However, multiple location experiments with various levels of cobalt and proline still needs in-depth investigations to validate the current findings.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant enzymes, Cobalt sulfate, Proline, Radish, Salinity stress,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• kobalt farmakologie   MeSH
• prolin MeSH
• Raphanus * MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• kobalt MeSH
• prolin MeSH

Salinity stress can significantly delay plant growth. It can disrupt water and nutrient uptake, reducing crop yields and poor plant health. The use of strigolactone can be an effective technique to overcome this issue. Strigolactone enhances plant growth by promoting root development and improvement in physiological attributes. The current pot study used strigolactone to amend chili under no salinity and salinity stress environments. There were four treatments, i.e., 0, 10µM strigolactone, 20µM strigolactone and 30µM strigolactone. All treatments were applied in four replications following a completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that 20µM strigolactone caused a significant increase in chili plant height (21.07%), dry weight (33.60%), fruit length (19.24%), fruit girth (35.37%), and fruit yield (60.74%) compared to control under salinity stress. Significant enhancement in chili chlorophyll a (18.65%), chlorophyll b (43.52%), and total chlorophyll (25.09%) under salinity stress validated the effectiveness of 20µM strigolactone application as treatment over control. Furthermore, improvement in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration in leaves confirmed the efficient functioning of 20µM strigolactone compared to other concentrations under salinity stress. The study concluded that 20µM strigolactone is recommended for mitigating salinity stress in chili plants. Growers are advised to apply 20µM strigolactone to enhance their chili production under salinity stress.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant, Chili chlorophyll content, Salinity stress, Strigolactone,
• MeSH
• Capsicum * MeSH
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny tricyklické * MeSH
• kafr MeSH
• laktony MeSH
• menthol MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• GR24 strigolactone MeSH Prohlížeč
• heterocyklické sloučeniny tricyklické * MeSH
• kafr MeSH
• laktony MeSH
• menthol MeSH

The reduction in crop productivity due to drought stress, is a major concern in agriculture. Drought stress usually disrupts photosynthesis by triggering oxidative stress and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of zinc-quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and proline (Pro) can be effective techniques to overcome this issue. Biochar has the potential to improve the water use efficiency while proline can play an imperative role in minimization of adverse impacts of ROS Proline, functioning as an osmotic protector, efficiently mitigates the adverse effects of heavy metals on plants by maintaining cellular structure, scavenging free radicals, and ensuring the stability of cellular integrity. That's why current study explored the impact of ZQDB and proline on chili growth under drought stress. Four treatments, i.e., control, 0.4%ZQDB, 0.1 mM Pro, and 0.4%ZQDB + Pro, were applied in 4 replications following the complete randomized design. Results exhibited that 0.4%ZQDB + Pro caused an increases in chili plant dry weight (29.28%), plant height (28.12%), fruit length (29.20%), fruit girth (59.81%), and fruit yield (55.78%) over control under drought stress. A significant increment in chlorophyll a (18.97%), chlorophyll b (49.02%), and total chlorophyll (26.67%), compared to control under drought stress, confirmed the effectiveness of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro. Furthermore, improvement in leaves N, P, and K concentration over control validated the efficacy of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro against drought stress. In conclusion, 0.4%ZQDB + Pro can mitigate drought stress in chili. More investigations are suggested to declare 0.4%ZQDB + Pro as promising amendment for mitigation of drought stress in other crops as well under changing climatic situations.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant, Biochar, Chili, Chlorophyll content, Drought, Morphological attributes, Proline,
• MeSH
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
• kvantové tečky * MeSH
• období sucha * MeSH
• prolin MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• zinek MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
• prolin MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• zinek MeSH