IntroductionTwo large multicentre European hospital networks have estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 since 2021.AimWe aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalised severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients ≥ 20 years, combining data from these networks during Alpha (March-June)- and Delta (June-December)-dominant periods, 2021.MethodsForty-six participating hospitals across 14 countries follow a similar generic protocol using the test-negative case-control design. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) as two doses of a two-dose or one of a single-dose vaccine ≥ 14 days before onset.ResultsWe included 1,087 cases (538 controls) and 1,669 cases (1,442 controls) in the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods, respectively. During the Alpha period, VE against hospitalisation with SARS-CoV2 for complete Comirnaty PSV was 85% (95% CI: 69-92) overall and 75% (95% CI: 42-90) in those aged ≥ 80 years. During the Delta period, among SARI patients ≥ 20 years with symptom onset ≥ 150 days from last PSV dose, VE for complete Comirnaty PSV was 54% (95% CI: 18-74). Among those receiving Comirnaty PSV and mRNA booster (any product) ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose, VE was 91% (95% CI: 57-98). In time-since-vaccination analysis, complete all-product PSV VE was > 90% in those with their last dose < 90 days before onset; ≥ 70% in those 90-179 days before onset.ConclusionsOur results from this EU multi-country hospital setting showed that VE for complete PSV alone was higher in the Alpha- than the Delta-dominant period, and addition of a first booster dose during the latter period increased VE to over 90%.

• Klíčová slova
• Alpha, Delta, Europe, SARS-CoV-2, hospital, vaccine effectiveness,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• účinnost vakcíny MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA virová MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH

IntroductionThe I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS hospital networks have been measuring COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in participating European countries since early 2021.AimWe aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in patients ≥ 20 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from December 2021 to July 2022 (Omicron-dominant period).MethodsIn both networks, 46 hospitals (13 countries) follow a similar test-negative case-control protocol. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) and first booster dose vaccination as last dose of either vaccine received ≥ 14 days before symptom onset (stratifying first booster into received < 150 and ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose). We measured VE overall, by vaccine category/product, age group and time since first mRNA booster dose, adjusting by site as a fixed effect, and by swab date, age, sex, and presence/absence of at least one commonly collected chronic condition.ResultsWe included 2,779 cases and 2,362 controls. The VE of all vaccine products combined against hospitalisation for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 43% (95% CI: 29-54) for complete PSV (with last dose received ≥ 150 days before onset), while it was 59% (95% CI: 51-66) after addition of one booster dose. The VE was 85% (95% CI: 78-89), 70% (95% CI: 61-77) and 36% (95% CI: 17-51) for those with onset 14-59 days, 60-119 days and 120-179 days after booster vaccination, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, during the Omicron period, observed VE against SARI hospitalisation improved with first mRNA booster dose, particularly for those having symptom onset < 120 days after first booster dose.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Europe, SARS-CoV-2, hospital, omicron, vaccine effectiveness,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• pneumonie * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• účinnost vakcíny MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• messenger RNA MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

IMPORTANCE: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common mode of death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but there is no validated algorithm to identify those at highest risk. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an SCD risk prediction model that provides individualized risk estimates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prognostic model was developed from a retrospective, multicenter, longitudinal cohort study of 1024 consecutively evaluated patients aged 16 years or younger with HCM. The study was conducted from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 2017. EXPOSURES: The model was developed using preselected predictor variables (unexplained syncope, maximal left-ventricular wall thickness, left atrial diameter, left-ventricular outflow tract gradient, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia) identified from the literature and internally validated using bootstrapping. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A composite outcome of SCD or an equivalent event (aborted cardiac arrest, appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy, or sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with hemodynamic compromise). RESULTS: Of the 1024 patients included in the study, 699 were boys (68.3%); mean (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 11 (7-14) years. Over a median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR, 2.6-8.3; total patient years, 5984), 89 patients (8.7%) died suddenly or had an equivalent event (annual event rate, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15-1.92). The pediatric model was developed using preselected variables to predict the risk of SCD. The model's ability to predict risk at 5 years was validated; the C statistic was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.66-0.72), and the calibration slope was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.59-1.38). For every 10 implantable cardioverter defibrillators implanted in patients with 6% or more of a 5-year SCD risk, 1 patient may potentially be saved from SCD at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This new, validated risk stratification model for SCD in childhood HCM may provide individualized estimates of risk at 5 years using readily obtained clinical risk factors. External validation studies are required to demonstrate the accuracy of this model's predictions in diverse patient populations.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hypertrofická kardiomyopatie komplikace   mortalita   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití trendy   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• náhlá srdeční smrt epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

Introduction: The individualization of treatment is attractive, especially in children with high-risk cancer. In such a rare and very heterogeneous group of diseases, large population-based clinical randomized trials are not feasible without international collaboration. We therefore propose comparative patient series analysis in a real-life scenario. Methods: Open cohort observational study, comparative analysis. Seventy patients with high-risk solid tumors diagnosed between 2003 and 2015 and in whom the treatment was individualized either empirically or based on biomarkers were analyzed. The heterogeneity of the cohort and repeated measurements were advantageously utilized to increase effective sample size using appropriate statistical tools. Results: We demonstrated a beneficial effect of empirically given low-dose metronomic chemotherapy (HR 0.46 for relapses, p = 0.017) as well as various repurposed or targeted agents (HR 0.15 for deaths, p = 0.004) in a real-life scenario. However, targeted agents given on the basis of limited biological information were not beneficial. Conclusions: Comparative patient series analysis provides institutional-level evidence for treatment individualization in high-risk pediatric malignancies. Our findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive, multi omics assessment of the tumor and the host as well whenever molecularly driven targeted therapies are being considered. Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy or local control of the disease may be a more rational option in situations where targeted treatment cannot be justified by robust evidence and comprehensive biological information. "Targeted drugs" may be given empirically with a realistic benefit expectation when based on robust rationale.

• Klíčová slova
• cancer, children, clinical trials, comparative effectiveness research, metronomic, personalized medicine, targeted therapy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is frequently used for Cushing's disease (CD) after failed pituitary surgery. Management of patients with persistent CD after failed SRS is complex, as the alternative therapeutic options harbor significant risks. The outcomes of repeat pituitary radiosurgery, however, have not been described. We sought to determine the outcomes of repeat SRS in patients with CD. We pooled data from five institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation for patients with recurrent or persistent CD ≥ 12 months after initial SRS. Patients were included in the study if they had ≥ 6 months endocrine follow-up after repeat SRS. Twenty patients were included in the study. Repeat single-session SRS was performed 1.3-9.7 years after initial SRS. Median endocrine follow-up was 6.6 years (1.4-19.1 years). Median margin dose was 20 Gy (range 10.8-35 Gy). Endocrine remission after second SRS was noted in 12 patients (60%), with a median time to remission of 6 months (range 2-64 months). Biochemical recurrence occurred in two patients (17%) after initial remission. Overall, the cumulative rates of durable endocrine remission at 5 and 10 years were 47 and 53%, respectively. Two patients (10%) experienced adverse radiation effects, including transient visual loss and permanent diplopia. Repeat SRS achieves lasting biochemical remission in approximately half of patients with CD refractory to both prior microsurgery and SRS. Because of the morbidity of refractory or recurrent CD, repeat SRS should be considered for carefully selected patients with hypercortisolism confirmed one or more years after initial SRS.

• Klíčová slova
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Cushing’s disease, Gamma knife, Pituitary adenoma, Radiosurgery,
• MeSH
• adenom radioterapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypersekrece ACTH v hypofýze radioterapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hypofýzy radioterapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• opakovaná terapie MeSH
• radiochirurgie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

AIM: To assess whether B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can serve as a predictor of end-stage chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with severe systolic dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle (SRV). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis in 28 patients with severe systolic dysfunction of the SRV (ejection fraction 23 ± 6%) who were evaluated as heart transplant (HTx) candidates between May 2007 and October 2014. The primary endpoints of the study (end-stage CHF) were progressive CHF, urgent HTx, and ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. Plasma BNP levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS: During median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range, 9-50), 3 patients died of progressive CHF, 5 patients required an urgent HTx, and 6 patients underwent VAD implantation. BNP was a strong predictor of end-stage CHF (hazard ratio per 100 ng/L: 1.079, 95% confidence interval, 1.042-1.117, P<0.001). The following variables with corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were identified as the most significant predictors of end-stage CHF: BNP (AUC 1.00), New York Heart Association functional class class III or IV (AUC 0.98), decompensated CHF in the last year (AUC 0.96), and systolic dysfunction of the subpulmonal ventricle (AUC 0.96). CONCLUSION: BNP is a powerful predictor of end-stage CHF in individuals with systolic dysfunction of the SRV.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysfunkce pravé srdeční komory patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• natriuretický peptid typu B krev   MeSH
• podpůrné srdeční systémy MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční selhání patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• natriuretický peptid typu B MeSH