Miscanthus × giganteus, a high-yielding perennial grass, has recently shown promise for phytomanagement of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) contaminated sites, however the mechanisms of plant-soil interactions are not clear. This study followed the second growing season of miscanthus cultivation on soil spiked with representatives of the most common PHC pollutants: diesel (dominantly aliphatic hydrocarbons), pyrene + phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH) and their mixture. Miscanthus demonstrated tolerance to PHC-contaminated soils, although high diesel concentrations significantly reduced biomass, limiting the overall benefits of cultivation. This was evident in reduced carbon sequestration, plant-induced soil respiration and root exudate content in diesel-treated soils. Despite comparable PHC levels in planted and unplanted soils after two seasons, several indicators of ongoing rhizodegradation were observed. These included increased root exudates production, a higher fungal-to-bacterial ratio and, at lower diesel levels, increased abundance of actinobacteria, i.e. shifts towards biodegraders capable of biodegradation of more recalcitrant components of petroleum. A comprehensive analysis revealed significant PHC impacts on soil microbial communities. While biomass and respiration increased, bacterial diversity decreased with increasing diesel concentrations. The microbial community shifted towards potentially PHC-degrading microorganisms, such as fungi and specific bacterial genera (e.g., AlkB gene abundance increased 100-fold). PAH contamination primarily affected the abundance of the pahGP marker, but its overall impact was limited due to low residual PAH levels in the second season. These findings show changing role of M. × giganteus in PHC bioremediation from the support of biodegradation in the first year to stabilization and enrichment of soil in the second.
- Klíčová slova
- Carbon sequestration, Miscanthus, Petroleum hydrocarbons, Rhizodegradation, Root exudates, Soil microbial communities,
- MeSH
- benzin * MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité * metabolismus MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- ropa metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- benzin * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * MeSH
- půda MeSH
- ropa MeSH
Phosphorus (P) for carbon (C) exchange is the pivotal function of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), but how this exchange varies with soil P availability and among co-occurring plants in complex communities is still largely unknown. We collected intact plant communities in two regions differing c. 10-fold in labile inorganic P. After a 2-month glasshouse incubation, we measured 32P transfer from AM fungi (AMF) to shoots and 13C transfer from shoots to AMF using an AMF-specific fatty acid. AMF communities were assessed using molecular methods. AMF delivered a larger proportion of total shoot P in communities from high-P soils despite similar 13C allocation to AMF in roots and soil. Within communities, 13C concentration in AMF was consistently higher in grass than in blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh) roots, that is P appeared more costly for grasses. This coincided with differences in AMF taxa composition and a trend of more vesicles (storage structures) but fewer arbuscules (exchange structures) in grass roots. Additionally, 32P-for-13C exchange ratios increased with soil P for blanketflower but not grasses. Contrary to predictions, AMF transferred proportionally more P to plants in communities from high-P soils. However, the 32P-for-13C exchange differed among co-occurring plants, suggesting differential regulation of the AM symbiosis.
- Klíčová slova
- P‐for‐C exchange ratio, arbuscular mycorrhiza, resource allocation, soil extractable P, symbiosis,
- MeSH
- fosfor * metabolismus MeSH
- izotopy uhlíku MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- uhlík * metabolismus MeSH
- výhonky rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fosfor * MeSH
- izotopy uhlíku MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- uhlík * MeSH
Second generation biofuel crop Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) was studied as a candidate for petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) contaminated soil phytomanagement. The soil was polluted by diesel in wide concentration gradient up to 50 g⋅kg-1 in an ex-situ pot experiment. The contaminated soil/plant interactions were investigated using plant biometric and physiological parameters, soil physico-chemical and microbial community's characteristics. The plant parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence indicators showed an inhibitory effect of diesel contamination; however much lower than expected from previously published results. Moreover, lower PHs concentrations (5 and 10 g⋅kg-1) resulted in positive reinforcement of electron transport as a result of hormesis effect. The soil pH did not change significantly during the vegetation season. The decrease of total organic carbon was significantly lower in planted pots. Soil respiration and dehydrogenases activity increased with the increasing contamination indicating ongoing PHs biodegradation. In addition, microbial biomass estimated by phospholipid fatty acids increased only at higher PHs concentrations. Higher dehydrogenases values were obtained in planted pots compared to unplanted. PHs degradation followed the first-order kinetics and for the middle range of contamination (10-40 g⋅kg-1) significantly lower PHs half-lives were determined in planted than unplanted soil pointing on phytoremediation. Diesel degradation was in range 35-70 % according to pot variant. Results confirmed the potential of Mxg for diesel contaminated soils phytomanagement mainly in PHs concentrations up to 20 g⋅kg-1 where phytoremediation was proved, and biomass yield was reduced only by 29 %.
- Klíčová slova
- Diesel degradation, Hormesis, Miscanthus biomass production, Miscanthus x giganteus, PLFAs,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * analýza MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- půda MeSH
- ropa * MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- uhlovodíky metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy MeSH
- půda MeSH
- ropa * MeSH
- uhlovodíky MeSH
Phytomanagement is proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly suggestion for sustainable use of large metal-contaminated areas. In the current work, the energy crop miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) was grown in ex situ conditions on agricultural soils presenting a Cd, Pb and Zn contamination gradient. After 93 days of culture, shoot and root growth parameters were measured. Soils and plants were sampled as well to study the TE accumulation in miscanthus and the effects of this plant on TE mobility in soils. Results demonstrated that miscanthus growth depended more on the soils silt content rather than TE-contamination level. Moreover, soil organic carbon at T93 increased in the soils after miscanthus cultivation by 25.5-45.3%, whereas CaCl2-extractible TEs decreased due to complex rhizosphere processes driving plant mineral uptake, and organic carbon inputs into the rhizosphere. In the contaminated soils, miscanthus accumulated Cd, Pb and Zn mainly in roots (BCF in roots: Cd " Zn > Pb), while strongly reducing the transfer of these elements from soil to all organs and from roots to rhizomes, stems and leaves (average TFs: 0.01-0.06, 0.11-1.15 and 0.09-0.79 corresponding to Cd, Pb and Zn respectively). Therefore, miscanthus could be considered a TE-excluder, hence a potential candidate crop for coupling phytostabilization and biomass production on the studied Metaleurop TE-contaminated soils.
- Klíčová slova
- Energy crop, Excluder, Miscanthus, Phytostabilization, Trace element mobility,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- rhizosféra MeSH
- stonky rostlin růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- těžké kovy metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- těžké kovy MeSH
This study investigated the effect of restoration management of a weed-infested area, previously used as cattle resting place, on herbage production and nutrient concentrations in the soil and herbage. The experiment was undertaken from 2004 to 2011 at the National Park of Nízké Tatry, Slovakia. Three treatments were applied: (i) cutting twice per year, (ii) herbicide application, followed after three weeks by reseeding with a mixture of vascular plant species and then cut twice per year, and (iii) unmanaged. Treatments had significant effect on biomass production and concentration of nutrients in the soil and in herbage. Nutrient concentrations in herbage and in soil declined progressively under the cutting treatments and reached optimum ranges for dairy cattle at the end of the experiment when herbage N was less than 15 g kg-1 and herbage P was 3.4 g kg-1. There was also a strong positive relationship under the cutting treatments between soil nutrient concentrations and herbage nutrient concentrations for N, P, K, Mg and Ca. Although the cutting management as well as the combination of herbicide application with cutting management reduced nutrient concentrations in the soil and in herbage, the nutrient concentrations remained relatively high. We can conclude that restoration of grassland covered with weedy species like Urtica dioica and Rumex obtusifolius, with excessive levels of soil nutrients, cannot be achieved just by cutting and herbicide application.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- pastviny * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- draslík MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- půda MeSH
The study estimates the parameters of the photosynthesis-irradiance relationship (PN/I) of a sedge-grass marsh (Czech Republic, Europe), represented as an active "green" surface-a hypothetical "big-leaf". Photosynthetic parameters of the "big-leaf" are based on in situ measurements of the leaf PN/I curves of the dominant plant species. The non-rectangular hyperbola was selected as the best model for fitting the PN/I relationships. The plant species had different parameters of this relationship. The highest light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) was recorded for Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus followed by Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea. The lowest Asat was recorded for Calamagrostis canescens. The parameters of the PN/I relationship were calculated also for different growth periods. The highest Asat was calculated for the spring period followed by the summer and autumn periods. The effect of the species composition of the local plant community on the photosynthetic parameters of the "big-leaf" was addressed by introducing both real (recorded) and hypothetical species compositions corresponding to "wet" and "dry" hydrological conditions. We can conclude that the species composition (or diversity) is essential for reaching a high Asat of the "big-leaf "representing the sedge-grass marsh in different growth periods.
- MeSH
- Carex (rostlina) metabolismus MeSH
- fotosyntéza * MeSH
- koloběh uhlíku * MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Miscanthus x giganteus is suggested as a good candidate for phytostabilization of metal-polluted soils. Its late harvest in winter generates large amounts of leaf litter on the soil surface. However, little is known about the mobility and the bioavailability of metals following leaf decomposition and the consequences on the succeeding culture. Ex situ artificial aging for 1, 3, and 6 months was conducted with miscanthus leaf fragments incorporated into three agricultural soils displaying a gradient concentration in Cd (0.6, 3.1 and 7.9 mg kg-1), Pb (32.0, 194.6 and 468.6 mg kg-1), and Zn (48.4, 276.3 and 490.2 mg kg-1) to simulate the leaf litter input over 20 years of miscanthus culture. We investigated the impacts on physicochemical and biological soil parameters, CaCl2-extractable metal, and their subsequent ryegrass shoot concentrations, and hence on ryegrass health. The results showed that the amended soils possessed higher pH along with greater available phosphorous and soil organic carbon values. The respiratory activity and microbial biomass carbon in the amended soils increased mainly after 1 month of aging, and decreased afterwards. Despite the higher Pb- and Zn-CaCl2 extractability in the amended soils, the phytoavailability slightly increased only in the most contaminated soils. Moreover, leaf incorporation did not affect the ryegrass biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, nor the antioxidative enzyme activities. Conclusively, leaf incorporation induced slight variations in soil physicochemical and biological parameters, as well as metal extractability, but not to an extent that might cause a considerable threat to the subsequent culture. Nevertheless, these results are preliminary data that require confirmation by long-term in-situ experimentations as they reflect the modelization of long-term impact of leaf decomposition on soil-plant system.
- Klíčová slova
- Ex-situ experiment, Metal behavior, Metal cycle, Miscanthus, Organic matter restitution, Ryegrass, Stress biomarkers,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- jílek růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité * růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- půda MeSH
- těžké kovy MeSH
The impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) "Stimpo" and "Regoplant" on Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) biomass parameters was investigated when the plant was grown in military soils with different properties from Dolyna, Ukraine and Hradcany, Czech Republic. The results showed that PGRs positively influenced the biomass parameters when the plant was grown in soil in Dolyna with good agricultural characteristics, the influence of "Regoplant" was higher and the best results were obtained with combined treatment: application to rhizomes before planting and spraying on the biomass during vegetation. Using of PGRs did not improve the biomass parameters when the plant was grown in poor soil in Hradcany. In parallel the peculiarities of the metals uptake process were studied for the following metals: chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb). The uptake behavior of the monitored elements differed based on the soil quality. According to the bioconcentration factor uptake of the abiogenic elements, Cr and Pb, was dominant in the plant roots in both soils, whereas Ni was not detected in any plant tissues. The behavior of biogenic elements (Mn, Cu, Zn) and their analogs (Sr) was different. Those elements were more intensively taken up in shoot tissues in low-nutrient sandy Hradcany soils, while they were mainly taken up in plant roots in fertile Dolyna soils. The unusual behavior of biogenic elements in the low-nutrient soils may be explained by the effect of stress. However, more research is needed focused mainly on soil properties and nutrient availability in order to confirm or disprove this hypothesis and to explore the cause of the stress. The summarized results here show that soil properties influenced Mxg biomass parameters, affected the uptake behavior of metals significantly and tested PGRs cannot be utilized universally in the production of Mxg in the poor military soils.
- Klíčová slova
- Miscanthus x giganteus, biomass parameters, metals accumulation, military soils, plant growth regulators,
- MeSH
- bioakumulace MeSH
- biomasa * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité růst a vývoj metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- ozbrojené síly MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- těžké kovy metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Ukrajina MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- půda MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
- těžké kovy MeSH
This study aims to summarize results on potential phytomanagement of two metal(loid)-polluted military soils using Miscanthus x giganteus. Such an option was tested during 2-year pot experiments with soils taken from former military sites in Sliač, Slovakia and Kamenetz-Podilsky, Ukraine. The following elements were considered: As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti, Zn and Zr. M. x giganteus showed good growth at both military soils with slightly higher maximum shoot lengths in the second year of vegetation. Based on Principal Component Analysis similarities of metal(loid) uptake by roots, stems and leaves were summarized. Major part of the elements remained in M. x giganteus roots and rather limited amounts moved to the aerial parts. Levels taken up decreased in the second vegetation year. Dynamics of foliar metal(loid) concentrations divided the elements in two groups: essential elements required for metabolism (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) and non-essential elements without any known metabolic need (As, Sr, Ti, and Zr). Fe, Mn, Ti and Sr showed similar S-shaped uptake curve in terms of foliar concentrations (likely due to dilution in growing biomass), while Cu exhibited a clear peak mid-season. Behavior of Zn was in between. Foliar Zr and As concentrations were below detection limit. The results illustrated a good potential of M. x giganteus for safely growing on metal-polluted soils taken from both military localities.
- Klíčová slova
- Dynamic of foliar metal(loid)s, Miscanthus x giganteus, Polluted military sites, Principal component analysis, metal(loid) uptake,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- biopaliva * MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- kovy analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- půda MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biopaliva * MeSH
- kovy MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- půda MeSH
We assessed the relationship between the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique using the new ion-exchange resin Ambersep GT74 and the uptake of mercury (Hg) by a model plant cultivated on metal-contaminated agricultural soils under greenhouse conditions. Based on the total Hg content, 0.37 to 1.17% of the Hg passed to the soil porewater from the solid phase, and 2.18 to 9.18% of the Hg is DGT-available. These results were confirmed by calculating the R value (the ratio of the concentrations of bioavailable Hg measured by DGT and soil solution), which illustrated the strong bonding of Hg to the solid phase of soil and its extremely low mobility. Only inorganic Hg2+ species were found in the metal-contaminated agricultural soils, as determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry speciation analysis. The Hg was distributed in Miscanthus × giganteus organs in the following order for all sampling sites: roots (55-82%) >> leaves (8-27%) > stems (7-16%) > rhizomes (4-7%). Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:321-328. © 2018 SETAC.
- Klíčová slova
- Contaminated soils, Diffusive gradient in thin film technique, Mercury, Phytoavailability, Speciation analysis,
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- iontoměniče chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rtuť analýza metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- iontoměniče MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- půda MeSH
- rtuť MeSH
