For more than four decades, mass of Abrikosov vortices defied experimental observations. We demonstrate a method of its detection in high-temperature superconductors. Similarly to electrons, fluxons circulate in the direction given by the magnetic field, causing circular dichroism. We report the magneto-transmittance of a nearly optimally doped thin YBa[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] film, measured using circularly polarized submillimeter waves. The circular dichroism emerges in the superconducting state and increases with dropping temperature. Our results confirm the dominant role of quasiparticle states in the vortex core and yield the diagonal fluxon mass of [Formula: see text] electron masses per centimeter at 45 K and zero-frequency limit, and even larger off-diagonal mass of [Formula: see text]/cm.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Accurate and efficient medical image segmentation is a critical yet challenging task due to issues like intensity inhomogeneity, poor contrast, noise, and blur. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework that addresses these challenges by leveraging adaptive level set evolution, enhanced with a unique edge indication function. Unlike prior edge-based algorithms, which frequently fail with noisy images and have large computing costs, our method incorporates an improved edge indicator term into the level set architecture, considerably improving performance on degraded images. The efficiency of proposed model depends on the optimization and implementation of proximal alternating direction technique of multipliers ([Formula: see text]). Our findings were validated using qualitative and quantitative methods such as dice coefficient assessment, sensitivity, accuracy, and mean absolute distance (MAD). Experimental findings show that the model successfully detects boundaries of objects within noisy and blurred visual data. The algorithm showed exceptional precision through its average dice coefficient of 0.96 which matched the ground truth data measurement standards. The system runs efficiently for only 0.90 seconds on average as a performance result. The framework achieved standout performance metrics that included 0.9552 accuracy together with 0.8854 sensitivity and 0.0796 MAD. The framework demonstrates robust capabilities in medical image evaluation which makes it an optimistic instrument for advancing the field.
- Keywords
- [Formula: see text] optimization, Edge indication function, Intensity inhomogeneity, Level-set evaluation, Medical image segmentation,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
This paper represents the efficiency of machine learning tool, i.e., artificial neural network (ANN), for the prediction of functional properties of nano titanium dioxide coated cotton composites. A comparative analysis was performed between the predicted results of ANN, multiple linear regression (MLR) and experimental results. ANN was applied to map out the complex input-output conditions to predict the optimal results. A backpropagation ANN model called a multilayer perceptron (MLP), trained with Bayesian regularization were used in this study. The amount of chemicals and reaction time were selected as input variables and the amount of titanium dioxide coated on cotton, self-cleaning efficiency, antimicrobial efficiency and ultraviolet protection factor were analysed as output results. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm was evaluated and compared with MLR results. The obtained results reveal that MLP provides efficient results that are statistically significant in the prediction of functional properties ([Formula: see text]) compared to MLR. The correlation coefficient of MLP model ([Formula: see text]) indicates that there is a strong correlation between the measured and predicted functional properties with a trivial mean absolute error and root mean square errors values. MLP model is suitable for the functional properties and can be used for the investigation of other properties of nano coated fabrics.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion using the method of the Optimal Observable is presented. The analysis exploits the decay mode of the Higgs boson into a pair of [Formula: see text] leptons and is based on 20.3 [Formula: see text] of proton-proton collision data at [Formula: see text] = 8 [Formula: see text] collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Contributions from CP-violating interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons are described in an effective field theory framework, in which the strength of CP violation is governed by a single parameter [Formula: see text]. The mean values and distributions of CP-odd observables agree with the expectation in the Standard Model and show no sign of CP violation. The CP-mixing parameter [Formula: see text] is constrained to the interval [Formula: see text] at 68% confidence level, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of [Formula: see text].
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Recently a new so-called energy complexity measure has been introduced and studied for feedforward perceptron networks. This measure is inspired by the fact that biological neurons require more energy to transmit a spike than not to fire, and the activity of neurons in the brain is quite sparse, with only about 1% of neurons firing. In this letter, we investigate the energy complexity of recurrent networks, which counts the number of active neurons at any time instant of a computation. We prove that any deterministic finite automaton with m states can be simulated by a neural network of optimal size [Formula: see text] with the time overhead of [Formula: see text] per one input bit, using the energy O(e), for any e such that [Formula: see text] and e=O(s), which shows the time-energy trade-off in recurrent networks. In addition, for the time overhead [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text], we obtain the lower bound of [Formula: see text] on the energy of such a simulation for some constant c>0 and for infinitely many s.
Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast, is known to be an efficient host for heterologous proteins production. In this study, a recombinant P. pastoris Y11430 was found better for β-glucosidase activity in comparison with a wild type P. pastoris Y11430 strain, and thereby, subjected to methanol intermittent feed profiling for β-glucosidase production. The results showed that at 72 h of cultivation time, the cultures with 16.67% and 33.33% methanol feeding with constant rate could produce the total dry cell weight of 52.23 and 118.55 g/L, respectively, while the total mutant β-glucosidase activities were 1001.59 and 3259.82 units, respectively. The methanol feeding profile was kept at 33% with three methanol feeding strategies such as constant feed rate, linear feed rate, and exponential feed rate which were used in fed-batch fermentation. At 60 h of cultivation, the highest total mutant β-glucosidase activity was 2971.85 units for exponential feed rate culture. On the other hand, total mutant β-glucosidase activity of the constant feed rate culture and linear feed rate culture were 1682.25 and 1975.43 units, respectively. The kinetic parameters of exponential feed rate culture were specific growth rate on glycerol 0.228/h, specific growth of methanol 0.061/h, maximum total dry cell weight 196.73 g, yield coefficient biomass per methanol ([Formula: see text]) 0.57 gcell/gMeOH, methanol consumption rate ([Formula: see text]) 5.76 gMeOH/h, and enzyme productivity ([Formula: see text]) 75.96 units/h. In conclusion, higher cell mass and β- glucosidase activity were produced under exponential feed rate than constant and linear feed rates.
- Keywords
- Exponential feed rate, Fed-batch fermentation, Methanol feeding profile, Pichia pastoris, β-glucosidase,
- MeSH
- Bioreactors MeSH
- Cellulases * metabolism MeSH
- Fermentation MeSH
- Methanol * metabolism MeSH
- Pichia metabolism MeSH
- Recombinant Proteins genetics metabolism MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Cellulases * MeSH
- Methanol * MeSH
- Recombinant Proteins MeSH
We demonstrate halving the record-low loss of interconnection between a nested antiresonant nodeless type hollow-core fiber (NANF) and standard single-mode fiber (SMF). The achieved interconnection loss of 0.15 dB is only 0.07 dB above the theoretically-expected minimum loss. We also optimized the interconnection in terms of unwanted cross-coupling into the higher-order modes of the NANF. We achieved cross-coupling as low as -35 dB into the LP[Formula: see text] mode (the lowest-loss higher-order mode and thus the most important to eliminate). With the help of simulations, we show that the measured LP[Formula: see text] mode coupling is most likely limited by the slightly imperfect symmetry of the manufactured NANF. The coupling cross-talk into the highly-lossy LP[Formula: see text] mode ([Formula: see text] dB/km in our fiber) was measured to be below -22 dB. Furthermore, we show experimentally that the anti-reflective coating applied to the interconnect interface reduces the insertion loss by 0.15 dB while simultaneously reducing the back-reflection below -40 dB over a 60 nm bandwidth. Finally, we also demonstrated an alternative mode-field adapter to adapt the mode-field size between SMF and NANF, based on thermally-expanded core fibers. This approach enabled us to achieve an interconnection loss of 0.21 dB and cross-coupling of -35 dB into the LP[Formula: see text] mode.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The objective of the work was to evaluate the results of sonographic examination of the diameter of the vena cava inferior (VCI) as a parameter of hydratation of haemodialyzed patients. In a group of 84 haemodialyzed patients, mean age 66.32 years, the collapsibility index of the IVC was measure. The collapsibility index (CI) was calculated according to the formula: [formula: see text] where IVCexp = the maximum diameter of the IVC in maximum inspiration. Values of the index within the range from 40-75% corresponded to normal hydratation. The results were compared with ultrafiltration (total and expressed as % of body weight after haemodialyzation), "dry" body weight and with changes of BP during haemodialysis. The mean value of CI was 63.24 +/- 18.54. In 54 instances it was within the normal range (62.26 +/- 11.4), in 10 it was lower (27.7 +/- 6.02; possible sign of inadequate ultrafiltration during dialysis) and in 20 instances it was higher (84.9 +/- 7.53; risk of excessive ultrafiltration). Clinically assessed "dry" weight was adequate in 64% cases. In 24% UF was excessive. With this corresponded also the incidence of hypotension (40%) and in these patients the "dry" weight was subsequently elevated. The predictive importance of low values of CI for inadequate UF is however not unequivocal. Some of these patients were hypotensive even in case of low UF and did not tolerate its increase.
- MeSH
- Renal Dialysis MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hemodiafiltration * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Ultrasonography MeSH
- Vena Cava, Inferior diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
It is known that large arteries in situ are subjected to significant axial prestretch. This prestretch plays an important physiological role in optimizing the biomechanical response of an artery. It is also known that the prestretch declines with age. However, a detailed description of age-related changes in prestretch is available only for the abdominal aorta and for the femoropliteal artery. Our study presents results of measurements of axial prestretch in 229 left common carotid arteries excised in autopsies. It was found that the prestretch of the carotid artery correlates significantly with age ([Formula: see text], p value < 0.001). A linear regression model was used to fit the observations. Simultaneously with the measurement of the prestretch in the carotid artery, the axial prestretch was also measured in abdominal aorta. By comparing data obtained from these locations, it was concluded that the axial prestretch in the carotid artery is greater than in the abdominal aorta, and that atherosclerosis develops more rapidly in the abdominal aorta than in the carotid artery. Histological sections obtained from 8 carotid arteries and aortas suggest that the medial layer of the left common carotid artery is significantly thinner than aortic media (median/IQR: 0.343/0.086 vs. 0.482/0.172 mm, [Formula: see text] in Wilcoxon signed-rank test) and simultaneously that carotid media contains a lower number of elastic membranes (median/IQR: 26.5/11.8 vs. 31.5/11.8, [Formula: see text] in the Wilcoxon signed-rank test). This could be a reason for the different extent of the prestretch observed in aorta and in carotid artery. Our data sample also contains 5 measurements of the axial prestretch in abdominal aortas suffering from an aneurysm. It was found that aneurysmatic aortas also exhibit axial retraction when excised from in situ position. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that detailed data characterizing axial prestretch of the human left common carotid artery have been presented.
- Keywords
- Abdominal aorta, Age, Autopsy, Biomechanics, Carotid artery, Prestretch, Retraction,
- MeSH
- Aneurysm pathology MeSH
- Aorta, Abdominal physiology MeSH
- Carotid Arteries physiology MeSH
- Atherosclerosis pathology MeSH
- Biophysical Phenomena * MeSH
- Models, Biological * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
We present LOMS.cz (Luminescence, Optical and Magneto-optical Software), an open-source computational platform that addresses the long-standing challenge of standardizing Judd-Ofelt (JO) calculations in rare-earth spectroscopy. Despite JO theory's six-decade history as the fundamental framework for understanding [Formula: see text] transitions, the field lacks standardized computational methodologies for precise and reproducible parameter determination. LOMS integrates three key innovations: (1) automated computation of JO parameters, transition probabilities, branching ratios, and theoretical radiative lifetimes, (2) a dynamically expanding database of experimentally validated parameters enabling direct comparison between computed and empirical results, and (3) a novel Combinatorial JO (C-JO) analysis algorithm that systematically identifies optimal absorption band combinations to ensure reliable parameter extraction. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate how this computational framework enables rapid screening of spectroscopic parameters, allowing researchers to predict optical properties with enhanced reliability. By combining automated analysis with experimental validation through its integrated database, LOMS.cz establishes a standardized platform for accelerating the discovery and optimization of rare-earth-based photonic and optoelectronic materials.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
