BACKGROUND: The availability of data generated from different sources is increasing with the possibility to link these data sources with each other. However, linked administrative data can be complex to use and may require advanced expertise and skills in statistical analysis. The main objectives of this study were to describe the current use of data linkage at the individual level and artificial intelligence (AI) in routine public health activities, to identify the related estimated health indicators (i.e., outcome and intervention indicators) and health determinants of non-communicable diseases and the obstacles to linking different data sources. METHOD: We performed a survey across European countries to explore the current practices applied by national institutes of public health, health information and statistics for innovative use of data sources (i.e., the use of data linkage and/or AI). RESULTS: The use of data linkage and AI at national institutes of public health, health information and statistics in Europe varies. The majority of European countries use data linkage in routine by applying a deterministic method or a combination of two types of linkages (i.e., deterministic & probabilistic) for public health surveillance and research purposes. The use of AI to estimate health indicators is not frequent at national institutes of public health, health information and statistics. Using linked data, 46 health outcome indicators, 34 health determinants and 23 health intervention indicators were estimated in routine. The complex data regulation laws, lack of human resources, skills and problems with data governance, were reported by European countries as obstacles to routine data linkage for public health surveillance and research. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight that the majority of European countries have integrated data linkage in their routine public health activities but only a few use AI. A sustainable national health information system and a robust data governance framework allowing to link different data sources are essential to support evidence-informed health policy development. Building analytical capacity and raising awareness of the added value of data linkage in national institutes is necessary for improving the use of linked data in order to improve the quality of public health surveillance and monitoring activities.

• Klíčová slova
• Artificial intelligence, Health indicators, Health information, Health status monitoring, Innovation, Linked data, Machine learning technique, Public health surveillance,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Linkage relationships between A1BG, PGD, and HPX loci of rabbits were studied on segregation data in backcross matings. No sign of linkage between the three studied loci was found.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• fosfoglukonátdehydrogenasa genetika   MeSH
• genetická vazba genetika   MeSH
• hemopexin genetika   MeSH
• králíci genetika   MeSH
• krevní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• křížení genetické MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfoglukonátdehydrogenasa MeSH
• hemopexin MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH

Use of a multi-sensor approach can provide citizens with holistic insights into the air quality of their immediate surroundings and their personal exposure to urban stressors. Our work, as part of the ICARUS H2020 project, which included over 600 participants from seven European cities, discusses the data fusion and harmonization of a diverse set of multi-sensor data streams to provide a comprehensive and understandable report for participants. Harmonizing the data streams identified issues with the sensor devices and protocols, such as non-uniform timestamps, data gaps, difficult data retrieval from commercial devices, and coarse activity data logging. Our process of data fusion and harmonization allowed us to automate visualizations and reports, and consequently provide each participant with a detailed individualized report. Results showed that a key solution was to streamline the code and speed up the process, which necessitated certain compromises in visualizing the data. A thought-out process of data fusion and harmonization of a diverse set of multi-sensor data streams considerably improved the quality and quantity of distilled data that a research participant received. Though automation considerably accelerated the production of the reports, manual and structured double checks are strongly recommended.

• Klíčová slova
• air quality, data fusion, data treatment, data visualization, exposure assessment, multi-sensor, participant reports,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta MeSH

Linkage disequilibrium (LD, association of allelic states across loci) is poorly understood by many evolutionary biologists, but as technology for multilocus sampling improves, we ignore LD at our peril. If we sample variation at 10 loci in an organism with 20 chromosomes, we can reasonably treat them as 10 'independent witnesses' of the evolutionary process. If instead, we sample variation at 1000 loci, many are bound to be close together on a chromosome. With only one or two crossovers per meiosis, associations between close neighbours decay so slowly that even LD created far in the past will not have dissipated, so we cannot treat the 1000 loci as independent witnesses (Barton ). This means that as marker density on genomes increases classic analyses assuming independent loci become mired in the problem of overconfidence: if 1000 independent witnesses are assumed, and that number should be much lower, any conclusion will be overconfident. This is of special concern because our literature suffers from a strong publication bias towards confident answers, even when they turn out to be wrong (Knowles ). In contrast, analyses that take into account associations across loci both control for overconfidence and can inform us about LD generating events far in the past, for example human/Neanderthal admixture (Fu et al. ). With increased marker density, biologists must increase their awareness of LD and, in this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Kemppainen et al. () make software available that can only help in this process: LDna allows patterns of LD in a data set to be explored using tools borrowed from network analysis. This has great potential, but realizing that potential requires understanding LD.

• Klíčová slova
• bioinfomatics/phyloinfomatics, genomics/proteomics, population genetics-empirical, population genetics-theoretical,
• MeSH
• populační genetika metody   MeSH
• software * MeSH
• vazebná nerovnováha * MeSH
• výpočetní biologie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH

Morton's lod score method used for the analysis of data from 168 backcross matings (1094 offspring) did not indicate linkage between the G and H blood group loci of the pig. Linkage closer than 0.413 could be excluded at the 1% significance level.

• MeSH
• antigeny krevních skupin genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• genetická vazba * MeSH
• křížení genetické MeSH
• miniaturní prasata genetika   MeSH
• prasata genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny krevních skupin MeSH

The paper shows the importance of e-health applications for electronic healthcare development. It describes several e-health applications for health data collecting and sharing that are running in the Czech Republic. These are IZIP system, electronic health record MUDR and K4CARE project applications. The e3-health concept is considered as a tool for judging e-health applications in different healthcare settings.

• MeSH
• chorobopisy - spojování metody   MeSH
• elektronické zdravotní záznamy organizace a řízení   MeSH
• šíření informací metody   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací metody   MeSH
• zdravotní záznamy osobní * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the data structure and harmonisation process, explore data quality and define characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients across six federated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) registries. METHODS: Through creation of the vasculitis-specific Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable, VASCulitis ontology, we harmonised the registries and enabled semantic interoperability. We assessed data quality across the domains of uniqueness, consistency, completeness and correctness. Aggregated data were retrieved using the semantic query language SPARQL Protocol and Resource Description Framework Query Language (SPARQL) and outcome rates were assessed through random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5282 cases of AAV were identified. Uniqueness and data-type consistency were 100% across all assessed variables. Completeness and correctness varied from 49%-100% to 60%-100%, respectively. There were 2754 (52.1%) cases classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 1580 (29.9%) as microscopic polyangiitis and 937 (17.7%) as eosinophilic GPA. The pattern of organ involvement included: lung in 3281 (65.1%), ear-nose-throat in 2860 (56.7%) and kidney in 2534 (50.2%). Intravenous cyclophosphamide was used as remission induction therapy in 982 (50.7%), rituximab in 505 (17.7%) and pulsed intravenous glucocorticoid use was highly variable (11%-91%). Overall mortality and incidence rates of end-stage kidney disease were 28.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 42.2) and 24.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 31.1) per 1000 patient-years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the largest reported AAV cohort-study, we federated patient registries using semantic web technologies and highlighted concerns about data quality. The comparison of patient characteristics, treatment and outcomes was hampered by heterogeneous recruitment settings.

• Klíčová slova
• epidemiology, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, quality indicators, health care, systemic vasculitis,
• MeSH
• ANCA-asociované vaskulitidy * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• granulomatóza s polyangiitidou * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopická polyangiitida * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• správnost dat MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů MeSH

We have constructed a genetic linkage map in the rat by analyzing the strain distribution patterns of 500 genetic markers in a large set of recombinant inbred strains derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat and the Brown-Norway rat (HXB and BXH recombinant inbred strains). 454 of the markers could be assigned to specific chromosomes, and the amount of genome covered by the mapped markers was estimated to be 1151 centimorgans. By including a variety of morphologic, biochemical, immunogenetic, and molecular markers, the current map integrates and extends existing linkage data and should facilitate rat gene mapping and genetic studies of hypertension and other complex phenotypes of interest in the HXB and BXH recombinant inbred strains.

• MeSH
• DNA primery MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů genetika   MeSH
• křížení genetické MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mapování chromozomů * MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myši MeSH
• potkani inbrední BN MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• rekombinace genetická MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA primery MeSH

• MeSH
• DNA primery MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetická vazba * MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• mapování pomocí radiačních hybridů * MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myelinový P0 protein genetika   MeSH
• savčí chromozomy genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Sus scrofa genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA primery MeSH
• myelinový P0 protein MeSH

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• DNA primery genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetická vazba MeSH
• kalsekvestrin genetika   MeSH
• mapování pomocí radiačních hybridů MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• Sus scrofa genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA primery MeSH
• kalsekvestrin MeSH