Depression Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- Klíčová slova
- DEPRESSION *,
- MeSH
- deprese * MeSH
- depresivní poruchy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a new therapeutic approach for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). There is a preliminary evidence of the efficacy and safety of DBS for TRD in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventral capsule/ventral striatum, the nucleus accumbens, the lateral habenula, the inferior thalamic peduncle, the medial forebrain bundle, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Optimal stimulation targets, however, have not yet been determined. Here we provide updated knowledge substantiating the suitability of each of the current and potential future DBS targets for treating depression. In this review, we discuss the future outlook for DBS treatment of depression in light of the fact that antidepressant effects of DBS can be achieved using different targets.
- Klíčová slova
- Deep brain stimulation, Major depressive disorder, Treatment-resistant depression,
- MeSH
- depresivní poruchy patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- hluboká mozková stimulace * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: A summary article, which is concluding available data about the psychological alterations, especially depression and anxiety, in ovarian cancer patients. DESIGN: Revue article. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital in Hradec Králove. DISCUSSION: Depressive symptoms could arise as a consequence of the stress, which is the response to oncological diagnosis, treatment or relapse of the oncological disease. This depressive condition is raising concerns in patients, family and health care professionals because it is significantly contributing to morbidity and at the same time is leading to the increase of the health care costs. In general the alteration of the physical and mental functions is reducing the average life expectancy. The patients with serious gynecological cancer diagnosis are requiring psychological support, which is not always satisfactory from their family. It would therefore be desirable to establish professional centers or clinics providing counseling and psychotherapy. CONCLUSION: The summary of the available research data about depression in a women with gynaecological cancer has pointed out not only connection between depression and ovarian cancer, but has also underlined the importance of this problematic for daily praxis and further intensive research.
- Klíčová slova
- depression, depression and imunity, depression treatment in oncological diseases, ovarian cancer,
- MeSH
- deprese * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * psychologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- úzkost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- DEPRESSION *, OBESITY/physiology *,
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum * MeSH
- deprese * MeSH
- depresivní poruchy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- DEPRESSION/therapy *,
- MeSH
- deprese terapie MeSH
- depresivní poruchy * MeSH
- imipramin * MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy * MeSH
- psychoterapie mnohočetná * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- imipramin * MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy * MeSH
- Pyrifer MeSH Prohlížeč
OBJECTIVE: To bring actual summary of knowledge about etiology and risk factors for development of postpartum depression, and modern methods of its prevention. DESIGN: Review. SETTING: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany. METHODS: Narrative review. RESULTS: Both biological (sex and stress hormones, thyroid hormones) and psychosocial factors take part in development of postpartum depression. Positive personal medical history for psychiatric illness, low level of social support and domestic violence during pregnancy or after delivery are the major risk factors for development of postpartum depression. Active screening and following treatment based on cooperation between gynecology-obstetrics and psychiatry is the major method of postpartum depression prevention. CONCLUSION: Currently, there is no clear biomarker of postpartum depression available. Future use of modern technologies may increase the availability of information on mental health in perinatal period, and also bring the time non-consuming method of active screening for women at risk of postpartum depression. Keywords puerperium, postpartum depression, baby blues, etiology, risk factors, prevention.
- Klíčová slova
- baby blues, etiology, postpartum depression, prevention, puerperium, risk factors,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- poporodní deprese etiologie prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- poporodní období MeSH
- porod MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is described as intermittent interruptions or reductions in airflow which are initiated by an incomplete or complete collapse of the upper airways despite respiratory effort. When left untreated, OSA is connected with comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses. METHOD: The PubMed database was used to examine papers published until April 2017 using the subsequent terms: "obstructive sleep apnea" or "obstructive sleep apnoea" and "depression" in successive combination with "CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)", "therapy", "pharmacotherapy", "psychotherapy", "cognitive behavioral therapy" or "quality of life". RESULTS: After assessment for the suitability, 126 articles were chosen. The numerous evidence of a connection between OSA and depressive symptoms, as well as depressive disorder, were found. This connection may be directly or indirectly linked due to the participation of some OSA mediators consequences such as obesity, hypertension, and the decreased quality of life. Patients with the comorbid major depression and OSA reported more severe and longer episodes of depression. Nevertheless, the information on the effect of the treatment of OSA using CPAP on the depressive symptoms was limited. Still, the current state of the art suggests that this treatment decreases the severity of the comorbid depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to evaluate the symptoms of depression in the patients with OSA. On the other side, a psychiatrist should not just treat the depression, as it is also important to screen individuals at high risk of OSA when assessing patients for depressive disorder, especially those with depression resistant to treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To bring actual summary of knowledge about diagnostics and modern trends in therapy of postpartum depression. DESIGN: Review. SETTING: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany. METHODS: Narrative review. RESULTS: First assessment of depressive symptoms among puerperal women can be done by screening instruments. Baby blues and postpartum psychosis must be kept in mind during the differential diagnostics of postpartum depression. Both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions can be used for postpartum depression treatment. As for nonpharmacological interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy is the most evidence based one. Antidepressants from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor group (SSRI) are the first choice from pharmacological interventions. Parenting support is also an important component of modern care of women with postpartum depression. CONCLUSION: Systematic cooperation between psychiatrist and gynecologists-obstetricians is a precondition of the effective postpartum depression treatment. The therapeutic intervention is chosen according to severity of depressive symptoms.
- Klíčová slova
- antidepressants, postpartum depression, psychotherapy, puerperium,
- MeSH
- antidepresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- kognitivně behaviorální terapie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poporodní deprese diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- poporodní období MeSH
- poruchy v puerperiu MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antidepresiva MeSH
In the university setting, mental disorders have come under greater scrutiny and more attention has been given toward addressing the social stigmas associated with mental illness in an effort to promote mental well-being and improve mental health care delivery on-campus. Depression has been previously linked to a reduction in quality of life, suicidal ideation, and poor academic performance. However, few studies have directly compared the burden of depression or stigmatized views between multiple universities. As a result, this cross-sectional study of university students from five countries was performed to determine the burden of depressive disorders, the stigmatizations of beliefs related to depression, and international variation. A questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic survey, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) was distributed via multiple routes to undergraduate and graduate students at institutions in the United States, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Czech Republic. The point prevalence of depression was determined by using the algorithm scoring method of the PHQ-9. Depression severity was determined according to the summed-item scoring method of the PHQ-9. The degree of stigmatization of beliefs was determined by continuous scores on the DSS subscales for personal and perceived stigma. Differences in depression severity, personal stigma, and perceived stigma were determined according to analysis of variance and further studied using post hoc Tukey's tests. Responses were collected from students in the United States (n = 593), United Arab Emirates (n = 134), Taiwan (n = 217), Egypt (n = 105), and Czech Republic (n = 238). Of 1287 responses, 30.7% (n = 396) screened positive for a depressive disorder: 18.0% (n = 232) for major depressive disorder and 12.7% (n = 164) for another depressive disorder. Depression severity differed internationally (p < 0.001). Emirati students significantly exhibited most depression followed by Czech, American, and Taiwanese students (all ps < 0.001). There was also a difference between students of different countries in terms of personal stigma (p < 0.001), with Emirati students holding more stigmatized personal views than Czech, American, Egyptian, and Taiwanese students (all ps < 0.001). Students similarly demonstrated differences in terms of personal stigma (p < 0.001). Egyptian students exhibited the most perceived stigma followed by Emirati, Taiwanese, American, and Czech students (all ps < 0.001). These findings suggest a high point prevalence of depression among university students and differences in the severity of depression, which has implications for the delivery of mental health care in this population. There were significant differences in terms of personal and perceived stigma between university students, indicating resource allocation for university-based campaigns to reduce depression stigma may need to be tailored to the population. After implementation of stigma reduction programs, future follow-up surveys can be done to compare degrees of stigma before and after the intervention.
- MeSH
- deprese epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- depresivní porucha unipolární epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- společenské stigma * MeSH
- studenti psychologie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Depression greatly affects sexuality. Theoretical and empirical evidence account for the existence of attention bias to sex-related stimuli. This attention bias might be impaired in depression, resulting in sexual problems. A sample of 13 patients with depression and 13 matched healthy controls were tested using the dot-probe and picture recognition task to measure attention to erotic images. No difference in attention to sex-related stimuli (ω2 = 0, p = 0.22) and in memory bias (ω2 = 0, p = 0.72) was found between the two groups. Explorative analyses were conducted to identify the sexual content-induced delay effect in the data, assess variability differences, and compare trial-level bias score-based indexes between groups. Across all analyses, there was little evidence for depression affecting sexual-related cognitive processing, and even this might be explained by other means. Our results suggest that restrained attention is probably not the main factor behind sexual problems in depression.
- Klíčová slova
- attention bias, depression, dot probe task, recognition, sexual response, sexuality,
- MeSH
- deprese * MeSH
- erotika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odklon pozornosti * MeSH
- rozpoznávání (psychologie) MeSH
- sexuální chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
