Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, is considered as a zoonotic and emerging pathogen capable of infecting both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. The aim of the study was to describe in detail the spread of the E. cuniculi in a rabbit organism after experimental infection and the host humoral and cellular immune response including cytokine production. For that purpose, healthy immunocompetent rabbits were infected orally in order to simulate the natural route of infection and euthanised at 2, 4, 6 and 8-weeks post-infection. Dissemination of E. cuniculi in the body of the rabbit was more rapid than previously reported. As early as 2 weeks post-infection, E. cuniculi was detected using immunohistochemistry not only in the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs and heart, but also in nervous tissues, especially in medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and leptomeninges. Based on flow cytometry, no conspicuous changes in lymphocyte subpopulations were detected in the examined lymphoid organs of infected rabbits. Cell-mediated immunity was characterized by ability of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to proliferate after stimulation with specific antigens. Th1 polarization of immune response with a predominance of IFN-γ expression was detected in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. The increased expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in mixed samples from the small intestine is indicative of balanced control of IFN-γ, which prevents tissue damage. On the other hand, it can enable E. cuniculi to survive and persist in the host organism in a balanced host-parasite relationship. The Th17 immunity lineage seems to play only a minor role in E. cuniculi infection in rabbits.

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita * MeSH
• Encephalitozoon cuniculi fyziologie   MeSH
• encephalitozoonóza imunologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• humorální imunita * MeSH
• imunokompetence MeSH
• králíci * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci * MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The first aim of our study was to obtain information on the transmission of antigen-specific antibodies from colostrum to respiratory tract mucosa in piglets. The second aim was to confirm the biological relevance of the presence of lymphocytes in colostrum and the already described fact that these cells can penetrate the intestinal barrier and "colonize" peripheral blood and lymphatic tissues of piglets. Therefore, we performed an experiment in which sows were immunized with a model antigen Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin and their piglets were euthanized at different intervals after birth and colostrum intake. Colostrum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples were collected for serological detection of antigen-specific antibodies. Lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood and lymphatic tissues (mesenteric and tracheobronchial lymph nodes and spleen) of piglets were in vitro activated with the antigen. We found that colostrum-derived antibodies can cross into the respiratory tract mucosa. Furthermore, we found that antigen-specific lymphocytes were detectable in mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood, but very rarely in spleen and tracheobronchial lymph nodes.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů imunologie   MeSH
• buněčná imunita imunologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita imunologie   MeSH
• imunita získaná od matky imunologie   MeSH
• kolostrum imunologie   MeSH
• lymfoidní tkáň imunologie   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata imunologie   MeSH
• prasata imunologie   MeSH
• respirační sliznice imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines effectively elicit humoral and cellular immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthy populations. This immunity decreases several months after vaccination. However, the efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity and its durability in patients with severe asthma on biological therapy are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and durability of mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in severe asthma patients on biological therapy. The study included 34 patients with severe asthma treated with anti-IgE (omalizumab, n=17), anti-IL5 (mepolizumab, n=13; reslizumab, n=3), or anti-IL5R (benralizumab, n=1) biological therapy. All patients were vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine with a 6-week interval between the doses. We found that this COVID-19 vaccination regimen elicited SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity, which had significantly declined 6 months after receipt of the second dose of the vaccine. The type of biological treatment did not affect vaccine-elicited immunity. However, patient age negatively impacted the vaccine-induced humoral response. On the other hand, no such age-related impact on vaccine-elicited cellular immunity was observed. Our findings show that treatment of patients with severe asthma with biological therapy does not compromise the effectiveness or durability of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, severe asthma patients on biological therapy,
• MeSH
• bronchiální astma * terapie   MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mRNA vakcíny MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• syntetické vakcíny MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mRNA vakcíny MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• syntetické vakcíny MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

We observed the immunological answer to antigens obtained from the human malignant breast tumor and from the blood of inbred mice strain C3H/H2K infected by LDH virus. We compared the modified ELISA method for humoral immunity with the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay for cell-mediated immunity. The modified ELISA method is suitable for early diagnosing and monitoring antibodies in a malignant breast tumor simultaneously with senological examinations which include mammography and clinical examinations, because the antibodies are determined in a high number of samples by single application.

• MeSH
• antigeny nádorové imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny virové imunologie   MeSH
• buněčná imunita imunologie   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• humorální imunita imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši inbrední C3H MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory prsu imunologie   MeSH
• test inhibice adherence leukocytů MeSH
• virové nemoci imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny nádorové MeSH
• antigeny virové MeSH

Earthworms belonging to oligochaete annelids became a model for comparative immunologists in the early sixties with the publication of results from transplantation experiments that proved the existence of self/nonself recognition in earthworms. This initiated extensive studies on the earthworm immune mechanisms that evolved to prevent the invasion of pathogens. In the last four decades important cellular and humoral pathways were described and numerous biologically active compounds were characterized and often cloned.

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita imunologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita imunologie   MeSH
• Oligochaeta genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Persistence of humoral immunity was evaluated in 82 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients up to 12.5 years after post-transplant immunization against tetanus and diphtheria. PROCEDURE: New immunization, initiated at least 12 months after transplantation, consisted of an average three-dose schedule of vaccine administration on day 1, month 3, and month 12. Serological data were collected at pre-transplant, post-transplant, vaccination, and post-vaccination time points. RESULTS: The first vaccination dose elicited a seroprotective response in most recipients, but the complete vaccine series (usually three-dose schedule) reinforced the specific immunity in most vaccinated cases, that is, 100% and 95.8% seroprotection against tetanus and diphtheria, respectively. Geometric mean concentration post-vaccination tetanus and diphtheria antibody levels persisted at 1.9 IU (95% CI: 1.23-2.94 IU/ml) and 0.20 IU (95% CI: 0.11-0.38 IU/ml) for 7 years, respectively. However, diphtheria antibodies were lost not significantly but much faster and more often than tetanus antibodies, though the seroprotection rates against tetanus and diphtheria remained favorable, that is, 100% (95% CI: 85.2-100%) and 87% (95% CI: 59.5-98.3%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Full post-transplant revaccination resulted in long-term persistence of humoral immunity against tetanus and diphtheria in SCT recipients, for an average of 8.6 and 9.0 years, respectively.

• MeSH
• difterický toxoid aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• humorální imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• imunizace * MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory krev   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   imunologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• tetanový toxoid aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• těžká kombinovaná imunodeficience krev   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• difterický toxoid MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH
• tetanový toxoid MeSH

Cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is an important component of the immune response to the virus. At present, two such tests based on interferon-gamma release (interferon-γ release assays, IGRAs) are available-Quan-T-Cell SARS-CoV-2 by EUROIMMUN and T-SPOT.COVID by Oxford Immunotec. In this paper, we compared the results of these two tests in 90 subjects employed at the Public Health Institute Ostrava who had previously undergone COVID-19 infection or were vaccinated against that disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first head-to-head comparison of these two tests evaluating T-cell-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we also evaluated humoral immunity in the same individuals using the in-house virus neutralization test and IgG ELISA assay. The evaluation yielded similar results for both IGRAs, with Quan-T-Cell appearing to be insignificantly (p = 0.08) more sensitive (all 90 individuals were at least borderline positive) than T-SPOT.COVID (negative results found in five patients). The overall qualitative (presence/absence of immune response) agreement of both tests with virus neutralization test and anti-S IgG was also excellent (close or equal to 100% in all subgroups, with the exception of unvaccinated Omicron convalescents, a large proportion of whom, i.e., four out of six subjects, were IgG negative while at least borderline positive for T-cell-mediated immunity measured by Quan-T). This implies that the evaluation of T-cell-mediated immunity is a more sensitive indicator of immune response than the evaluation of IgG seropositivity. This is true at least for unvaccinated patients with a history of being infected only by the Omicron variant, but also likely for other groups of patients.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, IGRA, SARS-CoV-2, T-cells, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, interferon-gamma release assay,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ANTIBODIES *,
• MeSH
• bezobratlí * MeSH
• humorální imunita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky * MeSH
• tvorba protilátek * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky * MeSH

A total of 9 (8 stallions and 1 mare) 1 year old ponies were used for the experimental infection caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype II (10(7) spores per animal). Subsequently, individual horses were slaughtered 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 days post infection. Immediately after slaughter, tissues samples of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon, spleen, liver, kidney, bladder, heart, lungs, and brain were sampled. In addition, urine, feces and blood specimens were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for determination of humoral immune response and nested PCR targeting 16S rDNA, whole ITS, and 5.8S rDNA was used for detection of E. cuniculi in collected organs, blood, feces and urine. No clinical signs of microsporidiosis including diarrhea or colic, neurological signs and fever were observed in any horses during whole experiment. Acute microsporidiosis in ponies was characterized by the dissemination of microsporidia into almost all organs and significant increase of concentration of specific antibodies in blood was observed from 28 to 42 DPI. After this acute stage microsporidia disappeared from most organs with the exception of the kidney, which was positive up to 63 DPI when the experiment was terminated. No pathological changes were observed in any organs with exception of one mare's brain, where E. cuniculi-positive cavity measuring 5 cm × 3 cm in diameter formed in the lobus piriformis.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibodies, Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype II, Experimental infection, PCR, Ponies,
• MeSH
• Encephalitozoon cuniculi imunologie   MeSH
• encephalitozoonóza imunologie   veterinární   MeSH
• humorální imunita fyziologie   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• antinukleární protilátky analýza   MeSH
• autoprotilátky analýza   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• imunokomplex MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoartróza imunologie   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• paraproteinemie imunologie   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida imunologie   MeSH
• revmatoidní faktor analýza   MeSH
• synoviální tekutina imunologie   MeSH
• synovitida imunologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antinukleární protilátky MeSH
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• imunokomplex MeSH
• revmatoidní faktor MeSH