Hypericum Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Experiments in small plots were performed to cultivate Hypericum perforatum L. var. angustifolium DC on light soil and at a sunny location in Bratislava. In the 1st year of vegetation the herb was not harvested. Harvests were made in the 2nd and 3rd years of vegetation and later plants died. In the course of the vegetation year it was possible to carry out three harvests on the rule. The 1st one was made just prior to blooming or at the stage of the onset of blooming, and only the blooming top parts were collected. The yield of the dry tops varied in dependence on the vegetation year, conditions of the location, age of the plants, and the date of the 1st harvest. From the two-years old plants, a whole-year yield of 8.12-14.87 kg. 10 m-2 of dry tops and from the three-years old plants, 8 kg.10 m-2, was obtained. The content of hypericin varied from 0.06 to 0.13%, and 60% ethanol extracted 21.7-27.9% of substances.
Saint-John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) has been used in traditional medicine since time immemorial and it has its position also in the contemporary list of medicinal plants of pharmaceutical importance. Though it originally comes from Europe and Asia, it has been domesticated and, thanks to its properties, has been cultivated in many other parts of the world. The herbaceous plant contains a wide spectrum of substances, out of which anthraglycosides, flavonoids, and floroglucin derivatives participate in principal pharmacological effects. In recent years this plant has become greatly popular as an effective alternative means for the treatment of weak to medium forms of depression. Large quantities of mass-produced drugs with its extract are sold mainly in the United States and Germany and successfully penetrate into the markets of other European countries including the Czech Republic. Some adverse side-effects are also connected with the plant, the best known being photosensitivity, lesser known being its interactions with other drugs or foodstuffs. The present review aims to process literary references concerning the biological activities of the plant and point out its most important therapeutic and toxicological aspects.
- MeSH
- deprese farmakoterapie MeSH
- fytoterapie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rostlinné přípravky škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- třezalka * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- rostlinné přípravky MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, HERBS *, PLANTS, MEDICINAL *,
- MeSH
- Asteraceae * MeSH
- chemie farmaceutická * MeSH
- farmacie * MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- třezalka * MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Accumulation of secondary metabolites (general phenols, naphthodianthrones and phloroglucinol hyperforin) in Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum canariense after application of the inhibitor (2-aminoindane-2-phosphonic acid, AIP) of the pivotal enzyme of general phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL) was studied. Shoots of H. perforatum revealed more expressive growth depression, concomitantly with the inhibition of PAL activity (-60%) and decrease in soluble phenols and individual phenolic acids in response to AIP. Hypericins (hypericin, pseudohypericin and protohypericin) decreased while hyperforin increased in AIP-cultured H. perforatum. On the contrary, growth changes, decreases in soluble phenols and individual phenolic acids were less-visible in H. canariense. This was also reflected in restoration of PAL activity (+330%) and selected flavonoids even increased. Hypericins and hyperforin were present in several orders of magnitude lower amounts in comparison with H. perforatum. Increase in proline indicates potential compensatory antioxidative mechanism if phenols are depleted. Microscopy revealed also differences in secondary xylem formation and lignification between species after exposure to AIP.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- anthraceny MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus MeSH
- fenylalaninamoniaklyasa metabolismus MeSH
- indany farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová metabolismus MeSH
- organofosfonáty farmakologie MeSH
- perylen analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- třezalka účinky léků enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- aminokyseliny MeSH
- anthraceny MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- fenylalaninamoniaklyasa MeSH
- hypericin MeSH Prohlížeč
- indany MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová MeSH
- organofosfonáty MeSH
- perylen MeSH
A 22-year-old man presented with fever and ulceration of the oral mucosa. The patient had pharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis. For the 3 weeks prior to presentation, he had been taking approximately 1000 mg/day of flowering herbs (Hypericum perforatum L, known as St. John's wort) for treatment of depression. A complete blood count on the first day of hospitalization showed agranulocytosis and normocytic anemia. His condition worsened, and he developed progressive dysphagia. A bone marrow biopsy on day 3 revealed bone marrow necrosis. After the diagnosis was established (day 3 of hospitalization), treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 48 U/day, intravenous immunoglobulin 400 mg/kg, and amphotericin B 100 mg/day was initiated. The patient did not respond, and died within one week of the diagnosis. This cases suggests that Hypericum species may lead to severe hematologic toxicity, with conditions involving bone marrow necrosis.
- MeSH
- deprese farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fytoterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kostní dřeň účinky léků patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nekróza MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty škodlivé účinky MeSH
- třezalka škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
The worldwide growing interest in traditional medicines, including herbal medicines and herbal dietary supplements, has recently been accompanied by concerns on quality and safety of this type of health care. The content of nutritional and potentially toxic elements in medicinal plants is of paramount interest as it may vary remarkably according to different environmental and ecophysiological factors. In this study, the concentrations of essential and non-essential trace elements-Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr, and Zn-were determined in the roots and aerial parts of the worldwide distributed and economically important medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) and in its growing substrate. Most of the analyzed trace elements varied considerably in the plant parts according to edaphic conditions and soil geochemistry. However, uptake and retention in H. perforatum compartments of Co, Cr, and Ni, which markedly differentiated the investigated soils, were controlled by excluding mechanisms of the plant. Despite this, the Ni concentrations in the aerial parts, commonly used in herbal preparations, of H. perforatum plants from serpentine soils were not insignificant in relation to eventual human consumption. Good practice to assure the herbal product quality of H. perforatum collected from the wild cannot ignore the thorough understanding of the geolithological and geochemical features of the harvesting areas.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioaccumulation, Hypericum perforatum L., Medicinal plants, Trace elements, Translocation, Uptake,
- MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- třezalka chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
Impact of various nitrate concentrations (14.12 mM, 3.53 mM, no nitrate) or ammonium presence (14.12 mM) on physiological and metabolic changes in Hypericum perforatum after 14 days of cultivation was monitored. Nitrate deficiency suppressed growth of shoots but stimulated root growth while ammonium suppressed root growth: concomitant changes of ascorbic acid and glutathione supported these growth changes, e.g., unaltered level in roots under nitrate deficiency but depleted in ammonium treatment. Soluble proteins and water content were more suppressed by nitrate deficiency but total ROS, nitric oxide formation, and antioxidative enzyme activities (APX and SOD) indicate higher sensitivity of plants to ammonium. Though both extreme treatments (NO3- deficiency or ammonium) stimulated accumulation of total soluble phenols and affected PAL activity (in comparison with full or 1/4× nitrate dose), major phenols (chlorogenic acid and three flavonoids) were elevated mainly by NO3- deficiency. At the level of specific metabolites, NO3- deficiency had stimulatory impact on pseudohypericin (but not hypericin) content while hyperforin decreased. Expression of earlier putative gene of hypericin biosynthesis (hyp-1) showed rather partial correlation with pseudohypericin amount. Data indicate that depletion of NO3- is useful to obtain Hypericum plants with higher amount of health-positive secondary metabolites.
- Klíčová slova
- Antioxidants, Fluorescence microscopy, Mineral nutrition, Phenols, Secondary metabolites,
- MeSH
- dusík chemie MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- semenáček chemie MeSH
- třezalka chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík MeSH
BACKGROUND: The species of the Hypericum genus are markedly variable in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. They significantly differ in their area of distribution, which may determine their natural tolerance to environmental conditions, such as temperature extremes. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the species growing worldwide in different regions and altitudes would be better able to withstand cryopreservation than the endemics. METHODS: The frost tolerance of 10 selected Hypericum species was evaluated. A possible stimulatory effect of cold-acclimation and vitrification-associated stressors on the content of hypericins was also investigated RESULTS: We found that frost tolerance of 10 selected Hypericum species expressed by LT50 ranged between -11 degree C for the species occurring worldwide and -4 degree C for sub/tropical frost sensitive taxons which corresponded with their natural habitats. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mean recoveries for all species cryopreserved with the same vitrification procedure did not exceed 30%, the effect of genetic predisposition to cold tolerance should be considered for optimisation of cryopreservation protocol. Our data neither proved an elicitation effect of cold on hypericin biosynthesis, nor correlation between hypericin content and quantitative characteristics of the hypericin-accumulating black nodules.
Strontium is an unavoidable element occurring in plants due to its abundance in the soil and similarity with calcium. To mimic natural conditions, impacts of additional inorganic (nitrate) or organic (urea and allantoin) nitrogen sources (1 mM of each N form in addition to 3.53 mM N in the basic cultivation solution) or N deficit on strontium-induced changes (100 µM Sr) in the widely used medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum L. were studied. Though various effects of Sr on primary (stimulation of amino acids but depression of most Krebs acids, ascorbic acid and thiols) and secondary metabolites (stimulation of phenols but no change of pseudo/hypericin) or mineral elements were observed (reduction of Ca amount in both shoots and roots), organic N forms often mitigated negative action of Sr or even combined stimulatory impact was observed. Organic N forms also elevated shoot accumulation of Sr while N deficit reduced it. Additional N forms, rather than Sr itself, modulated reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide formation in the root tissue. Germination experiment showed no toxicity of Sr to H. perforatum up to 1 mM Sr and even stimulated accumulation of amino acids and phenols, indicating similar ontogenetic-related responses.
- Klíčová slova
- Antioxidants, Biofortification, Citric acid, Flavonoids, Oxidative stress,
- MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- stroncium MeSH
- třezalka * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- stroncium MeSH
The structure of sinaicinone, isolated from the aerial parts of the Egyptian medicinal plant Hypericum sinaicum, has been elucidated by means of spectroscopic data such as UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical degradation. It is a complex adamantanyl derivative with a unique skeleton and oxygenated side chains.
- MeSH
- adamantan analogy a deriváty chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- třezalka chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Egypt MeSH
- Názvy látek
- adamantan MeSH
- sinaicinone MeSH Prohlížeč
