We present a novel series of radioiodinated tracers and potential theranostics for diseases accompanied by pathological function of proteins involved in choline transport. Unlike choline analogues labeled with 11C or 18F that are currently used in the clinic, the iodinated compounds described herein are applicable in positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and potentially in therapy, depending on the iodine isotope selection. Moreover, favorable half-lives of iodine isotopes result in much less challenging synthesis by isotope exchange reaction. Six of the described compounds were nanomolar ligands, and the best compound possessed an affinity 100-fold greater than that of choline. Biodistribution data of 125I-labeled ligands in human prostate carcinoma bearing (PC-3) mice revealed two compounds with a biodistribution profile superior to that of [18F]fluorocholine.

• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• cholin analogy a deriváty   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši SCID MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
• nádory prostaty diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radiofarmaka farmakokinetika   MeSH
• radioizotopy fluoru farmakokinetika   MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu farmakokinetika   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• xenogenní modely - testy protinádorové aktivity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholin MeSH
• fluorocholine MeSH Prohlížeč
• Iodine-125 MeSH Prohlížeč
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radiofarmaka MeSH
• radioizotopy fluoru MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu MeSH

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of widely used nuclear medicine imaging agents as possible methods to study the early effects of systemic inflammation on the living brain in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine systemic inflammation model was selected as a model of SAE. PROCEDURES: C57BL/6 mice were used. A multimodal imaging protocol was carried out on each animal 4 h following the intravenous administration of LPS using the following tracers: [99mTc][2,2-dimethyl-3-[(3E)-3-oxidoiminobutan-2-yl]azanidylpropyl]-[(3E)-3-hydroxyiminobutan-2-yl]azanide ([99mTc]HMPAO) and ethyl-7-[125I]iodo-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate ([125I]iomazenil) to measure brain perfusion and neuronal damage, respectively; 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) to measure cerebral glucose uptake. We assessed microglia activity on another group of mice using 2-[6-chloro-2-(4-[125I]iodophenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-acetamide ([125I]CLINME). Radiotracer uptakes were measured in different brain regions and correlated. Microglia activity was also assessed using immunohistochemistry. Brain glutathione levels were measured to investigate oxidative stress. RESULTS: Significantly reduced perfusion values and significantly enhanced [18F]FDG and [125I]CLINME uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group. Following perfusion compensation, enhanced [125I]iomazenil uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group's hippocampus and cerebellum. In this group, both [18F]FDG and [125I]iomazenil uptake showed highly negative correlation to perfusion measured with ([99mTc]HMPAO uptake in all brain regions. No significant differences were detected in brain glutathione levels between the groups. The CD45 and P2Y12 double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed widespread microglia activation in the LPS-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that [125I]CLINME and [99mTc]HMPAO SPECT can be used to detect microglia activation and brain hypoperfusion, respectively, in the early phase (4 h post injection) of systemic inflammation. We suspect that the enhancement of [18F]FDG and [125I]iomazenil uptake in the LPS-treated group does not necessarily reflect neural hypermetabolism and the lack of neuronal damage. They are most likely caused by processes emerging during neuroinflammation, e.g., microglia activation and/or immune cell infiltration.

• Klíčová slova
• LPS, Microglia activation, Neuroinflammation, PET/MRI, SPECT/CT, Systemic infection, [125I]CLINME, [125I]iomazenil, [18F]FDG, [99mTc]HMPAO,
• MeSH
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 farmakokinetika   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie metody   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování metody   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neurozobrazování metody   MeSH
• nukleární lékařství metody   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radioisotopová scintigrafie metody   MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu farmakokinetika   MeSH
• septická encefalopatie chemicky indukované   diagnóza   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• technecium 99mTc exametazim farmakokinetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• Iodine-125 MeSH Prohlížeč
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu MeSH
• technecium 99mTc exametazim MeSH

Recently, the role of energy savings in indoor air quality deterioration has been extensively emphasised, predominantly in the context of significant air exchange rate reduction as a result of home energy retrofits. In case of refurbishment of existing buildings, the effect of energy-efficient technologies on indoor radon concentration is considerably complex and has to be carefully evaluated with respect to radon entry rate (RER) and air exchange rate alteration. For the purpose of detailed analysis of radon entry pathways, the unique infiltration experiment has been carried out using the tracer gas (N2O) method application in field conditions. Significant amount of experimental works has been done to provide an independent assessment of RER and air-exchange rate facilitating the analysis of fundamental factors influencing the indoor radon variations (e.g. indoor-outdoor pressure difference induced by wind, stack effect, heating, ventilation and operation of air-conditioning systems).

• MeSH
• bydlení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování radiace metody   MeSH
• oxid dusičitý analýza   MeSH
• plyny analýza   MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• radon analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid dusičitý MeSH
• plyny MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• radon MeSH

Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) enables detailed in vivo tracking of fluorine-containing tracers and is therefore becoming a particularly useful tool in noninvasive medical imaging. In previous studies, we introduced biocompatible polymers based on the hydrophilic monomer N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and the thermoresponsive monomer N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide (DFEA). These polymers have abundant magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms and advantageous properties as 19F MRI tracers. Furthermore, in this pilot study, we modified these polymers by introducing a redox-responsive monomer. As a result, our polymers changed their physicochemical properties once exposed to an oxidative environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymers were prepared by incorporating small amounts (0.9-4.5 mol %) of the N-[2-(ferrocenylcarboxamido)ethyl]acrylamide (FcCEA) monomer, which is hydrophobic and diamagnetic in the reduced electroneutral (Fe(II), ferrocene) state but hydrophilic and paramagnetic in the oxidized (Fe(III), ferrocenium cation) state. This property can be useful for theranostic purposes (therapy and diagnostic purposes), especially, in terms of ROS-responsive drug-delivery systems. In the reduced state, these nanoparticles remain self-assembled with the encapsulated drug but release the drug upon oxidation in ROS-rich tumors or inflamed tissues.

• MeSH
• individualizovaná medicína MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• nanočástice * MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• polymery * MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polymery * MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

An experimental apparatus has been designed to analyze by visualization cryogenic flows of liquid (4)He and consequently address unresolved problems of quantum turbulence. The newly implemented flow visualization setup is described and its specific features discussed. Thermal counterflow experiments have been performed and the motion of solid hydrogen and deuterium tracers studied by using the particle tracking velocimetry technique in order to probe the system capabilities. It is shown that the obtained results are consistent with the two-fluid model describing the behavior of superfluid (4)He. A number of technical and fundamental issues, such as particles' aggregation, role of rotating particles in counterflow and evidence of non-Gaussian distribution of tracers' velocities, are also discussed. The apparatus appears to be well-suited to the task of analyzing cryogenic flows and potentially capable of obtaining new results stimulating further understanding of the underlying physics.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) using polymer tracers overcomes limitations of conventional proton MRI by offering enhanced specificity. However, the lack of systematic comparisons among fluorinated polymers has hindered rational tracer design. In this study, we synthesized an extensive library of water-soluble fluorinated copolymers by varying ratios of hydrophilic and fluorinated monomers and evaluated their 19F MRI properties to identify key structure-property relationships. Optimizing the hydrophilicity of the non-fluorinated comonomer increased fluorine content without compromising water solubility, thereby enhancing the MRI signal. Factors such as chemical structure, molecular interactions, and magnetic relaxation times also significantly influenced tracer performance. The optimized copolymer, poly((N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acrylamide)60-stat-(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide)40), exhibited unprecedented 19F MRI sensitivity with detection limits below 1 mg mL-1, the highest reported to date. We demonstrated the tracer's potential through successful in vivo 19F MRI visualization of solid tumors in mouse models, highlighting its promise for advanced biomedical imaging applications.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ligands with geminal bis(phosphonic acid) appended to 1,4,7-triazacyclonone-1,4-diacetic acid fragment through acetamide (NOTAM(BP) ) or methylenephosphinate (NO2AP(BP) ) spacers designed for (68) Ga were prepared. Ga(III) complexation is much faster for ligand with methylenephosphinate spacer than that with acetamide one, in both chemical (high reactant concentrations) and radiolabeling studies with no-carrier-added (68) Ga. For both ligands, formation of Ga(III) complex was slower than that with NOTA owing to the strong out-of-cage binding of bis(phosphonate) group. Radiolabeling was efficient and fast only above 60 °C and in a narrow acidity region (pH ~3). At higher temperature, hydrolysis of amide bond of the carboxamide-bis(phosphonate) conjugate was observed during complexation reaction leading to Ga-NOTA complex. In vitro sorption studies confirmed effective binding of the (68) Ga complexes to hydroxyapatite being comparable with that found for common bis(phosphonate) drugs such as pamindronate. Selective bone uptake was confirmed in healthy rats by biodistribution studies ex vivo and by positron emission tomography imaging in vivo. Bone uptake was very high, with SUV (standardized uptake value) of 6.19 ± 1.27 for [(68) Ga]NO2AP(BP) ) at 60 min p.i., which is superior to uptake of (68) Ga-DOTA-based bis(phosphonates) and [(18) F]NaF reported earlier (SUV of 4.63 ± 0.38 and SUV of 4.87 ± 0.32 for [(68) Ga]DO3AP(BP) and [(18) F]NaF, respectively, at 60 min p.i.). Coincidently, accumulation in soft tissue is generally low (e.g. for kidneys SUV of 0.26 ± 0.09 for [(68) Ga]NO2AP(BP) at 60 min p.i.), revealing the new (68) Ga complexes as ideal tracers for noninvasive, fast and quantitative imaging of calcified tissue and for metastatic lesions using PET or PET/CT.

• Klíčová slova
• 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals, NOTA derivatives, PET imaging, bis(phosphonate), bone targeting, in vivo imaging, macrocyclic complexes, nuclear medicine, phosphinate complexes, radiotracer biodistribution,
• MeSH
• bisfosfonáty * chemie   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• femur diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• galium * chemie   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• kontrastní látky * chemie   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bisfosfonáty * MeSH
• galium * MeSH
• kontrastní látky * MeSH
• radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH

Amphiphilic gradient copolymers are promising alternatives to block copolymers for self-assembled nanomaterials due to their straightforward synthesis via statistical copolymerization of monomers with different reactivities and hydrophilicity. By carefully selecting monomers, nanoparticles can be synthesized in a single step through gradient copolymerization-induced self-assembly (gPISA). We synthesized highly sensitive 19F MRI nanotracers via aqueous dispersion gPISA of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) with core-forming N,N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acrylamide (TFEAM). The PPEGMA-grad-PTFEAM nanoparticles were optimized to achieve spherical morphology and exceptional 19F MRI performance. Noncytotoxicity was confirmed in Panc-1 cells. In vitro 19F MR relaxometry and imaging demonstrated their diagnostic imaging potential. Notably, these gradient copolymer nanotracers outperformed block copolymer analogs in 19F MRI performance due to their gradient architecture, enhancing 19F relaxivity. The synthetic versatility and superior 19F MRI performance of gradient copolymers highlight their potential in advanced diagnostic imaging applications.

• MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• kontrastní látky chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• methakryláty * chemie   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly * chemie   MeSH
• polymerizace MeSH
• polymery chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• zobrazování fluorovou magnetickou rezonancí metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kontrastní látky MeSH
• methakryláty * MeSH
• polyethylene glycol methacrylate MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyethylenglykoly * MeSH
• polymery MeSH

To identify a novel optimized strategy for preventing fraudulent substitutions of squid species and origins, forty European squids (Loligo vulgaris) and forty flying squids (Todarodes sagittatus) from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean were analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, and Lu using isotope ratio mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. While δ13C and δ15N variations were mainly species-related, they alone could not reliably distinguish samples. To address this issue, decision rules were developed using Classification and Regression Tree analysis. Threshold values for δ13C (-19.91‰), δ15N (14.87‰), and Pr (0.49 μg kg-1) enabled successful discrimination among Mediterranean European squids, Atlantic European squids, Mediterranean flying squids, and Atlantic flying squids, achieving over 90% accuracy, 81% precision, 80% sensitivity, and 93% specificity. This method holds promise for enhancing traceability and safety in the seafood industry, ensuring product integrity and consumer trust.

• Klíčová slova
• Light stable isotopes, country-of-origin labelling, Machine learning, Rare earth elements, Traceability,
• MeSH
• Decapodiformes * chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• izotopy dusíku analýza   MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku * analýza   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lanthanoidy * chemie   analýza   MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) * analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Atlantský oceán MeSH
• Středozemní moře MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izotopy dusíku MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku * MeSH
• lanthanoidy * MeSH

The origin of metal elements in tonsillar tissues of children patients was investigated in order to establish the link between environmental pollution and tonsilitis diagnosis. The children lived either in a polluted, industrial region (Moravian-Silesian Region, North-East Czechia) or a clean, predominantly agricultural region (South Bohemian Region, South-East Czechia). Simultaneously, the distance of the address of the patients to the closest main road was assessed. The elemental content of the present particulate matter in the tonsil samples, coming from indicated tonsillectomies, was analysed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray microprobe. No significant association of the elemental composition and the region was found using both bivariate and multivariate methods; however, an association with the distance to the closest main road was found. The study presents a novel assessment of the tonsillar tissues and supports the link between environmental factors (traffic-related particulate pollution) and the onset of chronic, idiopathic diseases in children, which has been debated recently.

• Klíčová slova
• Children, Chronic tonsillitis, Idiopathic diseases, Industrial pollution, Metal-based particles, Traffic pollution,
• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatický systém chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• tonzilitida * MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší * analýza   MeSH
• znečištění spojené s dopravou * analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH