Background and Objectives: Questionnaires are patient-reported outcome measures that require a validation process to assess their reliability and replicability. Over time, questionnaires have not only focused on a single health condition, such as neck pain, but also expanded their assessment spectrum to other areas in order to gather additional and relevant information from the patient. The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the different structural and psychometric characteristics of neck pain questionnaires. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA recommendations. The search strategy was implemented across various databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINHAL, Trip Medical Database, Scopus) using terms such as neck pain, cervicalgia, cervical pain, questionnaire, survey, index, validity, validation, and reliability. COSMIN criteria were used to identify valid questionnaires for this systematic review based on their psychometric properties. Results: A total of 15 articles were identified in this systematic review, of which 8 assessed the level of disability, while the rest evaluated dizziness in neck pain, anxiety and/or depression, beliefs about fear and avoidance, and perception of scarring and symptoms after neck surgery. The main findings show that neck pain questionnaires exhibit very good values for reliability and internal consistency, along with a high variability for construct validity. Conclusions: This study highlights the good values exhibited by neck pain questionnaires despite their heterogeneity in structural characteristics, demonstrating good values in psychometric properties. Nevertheless, the latter should be further investigated to gather more information.

• Klíčová slova
• neck pain, patient-reported outcome measures, psychometric properties, questionnaire, structural characteristics,
• MeSH
• bolest krku * psychologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků péče pacientem * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti metody   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky normy   MeSH
• psychometrie * metody   přístrojové vybavení   normy   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

PURPOSE: Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common, age-related cause of visual impairment. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from the literature on artificial intelligence (AI) models developed for the diagnosis and management of FECD. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 1, 2000, to June 31, 2024. Full-text studies utilizing AI for various clinical contexts of FECD management were included. Data extraction covered model development, predicted outcomes, validation, and model performance metrics. We graded the included studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracies Studies 2 tool. This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were analyzed. Primary AI algorithms applied in FECD diagnosis and management included neural network architectures specialized for computer vision, utilized on confocal or specular microscopy images, or anterior segment optical coherence tomography images. AI was employed in diverse clinical contexts, such as assessing corneal endothelium and edema and predicting post-corneal transplantation graft detachment and survival. Despite many studies reporting promising model performance, a notable limitation was that only three studies performed external validation. Bias introduced by patient selection processes and experimental designs was evident in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the potential of AI algorithms to enhance FECD diagnosis and prognostication, further work is required to evaluate their real-world applicability and clinical utility. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This review offers critical insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, aiding their understanding of existing AI research in FECD management and guiding future health service strategies.

• MeSH
• Fuchsova endoteliální dystrofie * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie metody   MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

PURPOSE: Analyze phenotypic data from knockout mice with late-adult retinal pathologic phenotypes to identify genes associated with development of adult-onset retinal diseases. METHODS: The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) database was queried for genes associated with abnormal retinal phenotypes in the late-adult knockout mouse pipeline (49-80 weeks postnatal age). We identified human orthologs and performed protein-protein analysis and biological pathways analysis with known inherited retinal disease (IRD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) genes using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING), PLatform for Analysis of single cell Eye in a Disk (PLAE), Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). RESULTS: Screening of 587 late-adult mouse genes yielded 12 with abnormal retinal phenotypes, which corresponded to 20 human orthologs. Three of the 12 mouse genes and two of the 20 human orthologs were previously implicated in retinal pathology or physiology in a literature review. Although all of the genes demonstrated retinal pathology when deleted from the mouse genome, most do not have established roles in human retinal disease. Furthermore, human protein-protein analysis and biological pathway analysis yielded only a few relationships between the candidate gene list and that of known IRD and AMD genes, suggesting they may represent novel retinal functions. CONCLUSIONS: We identified 12 mouse genes with significant late-adult abnormal retinal pathology, eight of which have not been previously implicated in either mouse or human retinal physiology or pathology. These serve as novel retinal disease gene candidates for late-onset retinal disease.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makulární degenerace * genetika   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oční proteiny * genetika   MeSH
• retina * patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oční proteiny * MeSH

Visual impairment due to stroke is common. However, controversy exists on how best to screen for visual impairment, the timing at which to screen, and on the optimal management of the varying types of visual impairment. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist clinicians in decision-making on screening methods, timing of screening and assessment and management options in adult stroke survivors. The target audience for this guideline is health care providers involved in stroke care from prehospital screening, in stroke units and rehabilitation centres, ophthalmological departments and community stroke care, and for stroke survivors and care givers. The guideline was developed according to the ESO standard operating procedure and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group identified relevant clinical questions, performed systematic reviews and, where possible, meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence and made specific recommendations. Expert consensus statements were provided where insufficient evidence was available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach. We found evidence of acceptability and feasibility of early visual screening within 1 week of stroke onset. We describe the accuracy of various vision screening tools at pre-hospital and hyper/acute stages as well as specialist vision assessment. We suggest vision screening in all patients with stroke to improve detection of their visual problems We describe a range of treatment options for visual impairment post-stroke across the typical categories of impaired central vision, ocular stroke (central retinal artery occlusion), eye movements, visual fields, visual neglect and visual perception. This guideline highlights specific areas where robust evidence is lacking and where further definitive randomised controlled trials and diagnostic accuracy studies are required.

Up to three quarters of stroke survivors have visual problems with most (about 60%) being caused by the stroke. The other visual problems are usually related to already existent eye conditions. When a stroke happens, often people are not aware their vision can be affected and, frequently, visual impairment is not detected or suspected by clinical and medical teams. The types of visual impairment that can occur after stroke include eye movement problems (causing double or jumbled vision), a reduction in how well we see things clearly (our central vision), a loss in field of vision (our peripheral vision), visual neglect (lack of attention to part of the visual surroundings) and visual perceptual problems (how we process what we see, such as colour and recognition of people and objects). We don’t know how we should best screen for visual impairment or when to do this. Subsequently, how best should we manage these visual problems. In these guidelines we have carefully reviewed studies that give results on vision screening for stroke survivors and results on management of various types of visual impairment. We found a number of vision screening methods than can be used very early (within days) after stroke onset to improve the detection of visual impairment. We also found a variety of treatment options that can be recommended dependent on the different types of visual impairment that occur. In reviewing studies for this guideline, we have also found areas where evidence for vision care is poor. Therefore, we have given suggestions for future research studies that will improve the care we provide for stroke survivors with visual impairment.For diagnosis, we recommend vision screening to improve detection of visual problems in stroke survivors. Vision screening should be undertaken using a validated vision screening tool or by specialist vision team assessment. Early vision screening should be undertaken within 3–4 days after onset of stroke.For treatment, we recommend compensatory interventions of visual scanning/visual search to aid adaptation to visual field loss after stroke. We recommend thrombolysis within 4.5 h of stroke onset to aid recovery of visual function after eye stroke. We suggest early management options to improve visual acuity should be offered as soon as possible after stroke onset such as wearing glasses. We recommend referral to specialist eye services for the targeted management of eye movement disorders. We recommend individualised intervention targeted at the specific type of visual neglect or visual perception deficit that has arisen.Overall, we recommend close collaboration between stroke teams (particularly occupational therapy), neuropsychology and eye care teams (orthoptics, ophthalmology, optometry) for targeted management of visual neglect, and clinicians should provide appropriate information, resource materials and vision aids.

• Klíčová slova
• Guideline, eye movements, ocular stroke, screening, stroke, systematic review, treatment, vision, visual fields, visual impairment, visual neglect, visual perception,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Applications for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) are found in a wide range of industries, including e-commerce, multimedia, and healthcare. CBIR is essential for organising and obtaining visual data from massive databases. Traditional techniques frequently fail to extract high-level, relevant information from images, producing retrieval results that are not ideal. This research introduces a novel Convolutional Fine-Tuned Threshold Adaboost (CFTAB) approach that integrates deep learning and machine learning techniques to enhance CBIR performance. This dataset comprises image-based data collected from multiple sources. This image data were pre-processed using Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE). The features of localized image data were extracted using VGG16. For an efficient CBIR process, a novel CFTAB approach was introduced. It combines both deep and machine learning (ML) methods in the proposed architecture to improve the excellence of image search. To further improve performance, CFTAB incorporates an improved AB algorithm. This algorithm adjusts the threshold levels dynamically within a robust classifier to optimize training outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• Content-based image retrieval (CBIR), Convolutional Fine-Tuned Threshold Adaboost (CFTAB), Deep and machine learning (DL, ML), High-level information, VGG-16,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

For many hematological malignancies (HMs) survival among older patients is compromised. We want to test the most up-to-date age-group-specific survival differences in five hematological malignancies, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative diseases (MPD) in Sweden (SE) and compared these to Denmark, Finland and Norway. For analysis we apply a recently published metric for comparing and visualizing age-group-specific relative survival differences using data from the NORDCAN database between 1972 and 2021. Periodic changes in age-related deviation in SE survival showed increasing differences for AML and MM while for the other HMs the differences declined in the course of time. Country-specific differences were observed, for Finnish male CLL and female MPD deviations were larger than those for the other countries, both of which were explained by the deviant survival of the oldest patients. Age-related deviations in 5-year survival increased for AML and MM for which survival improvements have been achieved through intense treatment regimens but these are not offered to old patients because of risk of complications. Paradoxically, improving overall survival in AML and MM has contributed to the widening of the age gaps. For the remaining HMs, age-related deviations declined with time as even old patients benefitted from the survival improvements; most notably female MPD and CLL patients had hardly any age gaps. Age disparities are an issue in hematological malignancies, and an intense search for novel treatments also includes old patients with an example of success as a novel drug venetoclax.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer registry, Periodic survival, Prognosis, Treatment,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hematologické nádory * mortalita   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití trendy   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Dánsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Finsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Norsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Švédsko epidemiologie   MeSH

INTRODUCTION: A variable proportion of non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) warrants the search for new approaches to optimize the position of the left ventricular (LV) lead and the CRT device programming. CineECG is a novel ECG modality proposed for the spatial visualization and quantification of myocardial depolarization and repolarization sequences. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate CineECG-derived parameters in different pacing modes and to test their associations with acute hemodynamic responses in CRT patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: CineECG was used to construct the average electrical path within the cardiac anatomy from the 12-lead ECG. CineECG and LV dP/dt max were tested in 15 patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block (QRS: 170 ± 17 ms; LVEF: 26 ± 5.5%) under pacing protocols with different LV lead localizations. The CineECG-derived path directions were computed for the QRS and ST-T intervals for the anteroposterior (Xh), interventricular (Yh), and apicobasal (Zh) axes. In a multivariate linear regression analysis with adjustment for the pacing protocol type, the ST-T path direction Yh was independently associated with the increase in dP/dt max during CRT, [regression coefficient 639.4 (95% confidence interval: 187.9-1090.9), p = 0.006]. In ROC curve analysis, the ST-T path direction Yh was associated with the achievement of a 10% increase in dP/dt max (AUC: 0.779, p = 0.002) with the optimal cut-off > 0.084 (left-to-right direction) with sensitivity 0.67 and specificity 0.92. CONCLUSION: The acute hemodynamic response in CRT patients was associated with specific CineECG repolarization sequence parameters, warranting their further testing as potential predictors of clinical outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiac resynchronization therapy, heart failure, hemodynamics, multipoint pacing, multisite pacing, repolarization,
• MeSH
• elektrokardiografie * MeSH
• hemodynamika MeSH
• kontrakce myokardu MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• prostředky srdeční resynchronizační terapie * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční resynchronizační terapie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This article focuses on utilizing therapeutic letters within group schema therapy-an innovative therapeutic approach that integrates elements from various therapeutic disciplines. The primary aim is to explore how therapeutic letters can enhance the therapeutic process and support the treatment of patients. METHODS: To achieve this objective, we conducted a narrative literature review centred on schema therapy and using therapeutic letters as a therapeutic strategy. We systematically searched databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) using the keywords "schema therapy," "therapy letters," "group," "therapeutic strategies," and "adult psychotherapy." Additionally, we gathered clinical insights from schema therapists through interviews to gain a practical perspective. RESULTS: Group schema therapy primarily targets identifying and modifying early maladaptive schemas and maladaptive schema modes that originate during childhood and persist into adulthood. Within this context, therapeutic letters are an effective tool, allowing individuals to process intense emotions stemming from their formative years. Individuals complete these letters as homework assignments and then, divided into small groups, read them aloud while receiving emotional support and encouragement from their peers. This process enables individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings, potentially reframe their life narratives, seek forgiveness, and ultimately progress. Various types of therapeutic letters are discussed, including the "uncensored letter", "letter from the other shore", "letter to an adult child", "business card", and "letter from the future". DISCUSSION: The article provides an in-depth overview of the techniques and exercises employed in group schema work when using letters. It also addresses potential challenges, such as difficulties with visualization, resistance to change, and trust issues. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic letters emerge as a valuable tool in group schema therapy, enhancing the therapeutic process and supporting individual treatment. However, further research is necessary to comprehend and fully maximize their potential.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• korespondence jako téma * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• skupinová psychoterapie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Intracranial calcifications, particularly within the falx cerebri, serve as crucial diagnostic markers ranging from benign accumulations to signs of severe pathologies. The falx cerebri, a dural fold that separates the cerebral hemispheres, presents challenges in visualization due to its low contrast in standard imaging techniques. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in machine learning and deep learning, have significantly transformed radiological diagnostics. This study aims to explore the application of AI in the segmentation and detection of falx cerebri calcifications using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images through a comprehensive literature review and a detailed case report. The case report presents a 59-year-old patient diagnosed with falx cerebri calcifications whose CBCT images were analyzed using a cloud-based AI platform, demonstrating effectiveness in segmenting these calcifications, although challenges persist in distinguishing these from other cranial structures. A specific search strategy was employed to search electronic databases, yielding four studies exploring AI-based segmentation of the falx cerebri. The review detailed various AI models and their accuracy across different imaging modalities in identifying and segmenting falx cerebri calcifications, also highlighting the gap in publications in this area. In conclusion, further research is needed to improve AI-driven methods for accurately identifying and measuring intracranial calcifications. Advancing AI applications in radiology, particularly for detecting falx cerebri calcifications, could significantly enhance diagnostic precision, support disease monitoring, and inform treatment planning.

• Klíčová slova
• Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, algorithms, diagnosis, dura mater,
• MeSH
• dura mater diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kalcinóza * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová tomografie s kuželovým svazkem * metody   MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms. The objective of this study was to generate international sex- and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan. METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 1, 2023. We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age. Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodological variation. Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape were used to develop sex- and age-specific norms for absolute HGS (kg) and HGS normalized by height (Ht, m) squared (i.e., HGS/Ht2 in kg/m2). Norms were tabulated as percentile values (5th to 95th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves. RESULTS: We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults (51.9% female) aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward. On average, absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood, peaked from age 30-39 years (at 49.7 kg (males) and 29.7 kg (females) for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m2 (males) and 11.3 kg/m2 (females) for HGS/Ht2), and declined afterwards. The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood. CONCLUSION: This study provides the world's largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age. These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons, health screening, and surveillance.

• Klíčová slova
• Adult, Hand strength, Mass screening, Population health, Reference values,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH