Previous EEG studies reported the presence of synchronised 15-30 Hz oscillations in vertex electrodes following innocuous somatosensory stimulation and noxious laser stimulation. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the sources of poststimulus increases of 15-30 Hz oscillations during noxious laser stimulation of four different body regions and to compare the sources of the poststimulus synchronisation with the sources of the N2 component of laser-evoked potential (LEP). In 10 healthy subjects, moderately painful laser stimuli were applied to the dorsum of the right hand, dorsum of the right foot, right groin, and right side of the face. EEG data, recorded from 111 scalp sites, were analysed using event-related desynchronisation method and source dipole analysis. A profound amplitude increase of 15-30 Hz oscillations peaking 1-2 s after noxious laser stimulation was found during stimulation of each body part. The sources of these oscillations were located in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and showed no somatotopic arrangement. The sources of the N2-LEP component were located in the anterior mid-cingulate cortex 25-30 mm rostral to the sources of 15-30 Hz oscillations. The amplitude of the poststimulus synchronisation of 15-30 Hz oscillations correlated (P<0.05) with the amplitude of N2-LEP component. Results show that noxious laser stimuli induce bursts of 15-30 Hz oscillations in the posterior cingulate cortex. The poststimulus increases of 15-30 Hz oscillations may stand for transient cortical inhibition possibly aiding temporary suppression of motor programs that have been primed by noxious stimulation.

• MeSH
• bolest patofyziologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cingulární gyrus patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• evokované potenciály * MeSH
• funkční lateralita MeSH
• korová synchronizace MeSH
• lasery škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mozek patofyziologie   MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) patofyziologie   MeSH
• obličej patofyziologie   MeSH
• periodicita MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• ruka patofyziologie   MeSH
• třísla patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

During social interactions, decision-making involves mutual reciprocity-each individual's choices are simultaneously a consequence of, and antecedent to those of their interaction partner. Neuroeconomic research has begun to unveil the brain networks underpinning social decision-making, but we know little about the patterns of neural connectivity within them that give rise to reciprocal choices. To investigate this, the present study measured the behaviour and brain function of pairs of individuals (N = 66) whilst they played multiple rounds of economic exchange comprising an iterated ultimatum game. During these exchanges, both players could attempt to maximise their overall monetary gain by reciprocating their opponent's prior behaviour-they could promote generosity by rewarding it, and/or discourage unfair play through retaliation. By adapting a model of reciprocity from experimental economics, we show that players' choices on each exchange are captured accurately by estimating their expected utility (EU) as a reciprocal reaction to their opponent's prior behaviour. We then demonstrate neural responses that map onto these reciprocal choices in two brain regions implicated in social decision-making: right anterior insula (AI) and anterior/anterior-mid cingulate cortex (aMCC). Finally, with behavioural Dynamic Causal Modelling, we identified player-specific patterns of effective connectivity between these brain regions with which we estimated each player's choices with over 70% accuracy; namely, bidirectional connections between AI and aMCC that are modulated differentially by estimates of EU from our reciprocity model. This input-state-output modelling procedure therefore reveals systematic brain-behaviour relationships associated with the reciprocal choices characterising interactive social decision-making.

• Klíčová slova
• anterior (mid-)cingulate cortex, anterior insula, behavioural Dynamic Causal Modelling, connectivity, iterated ultimatum game, reciprocity, social decision-making,
• MeSH
• cingulární gyrus diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• konektom * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• nervová síť diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• rozhodování fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• výběrové chování fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study aimed to determine whether prenatal stress, measured by the number of stressful life events during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, might relate to mood dysregulation and altered brain structure in young adulthood. Participants included 93 young adults from a community-based birth cohort from the Czech Republic. Information on prenatal stress exposure was collected from their mothers in 1990-1992. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mood-related data were collected from the young adults in 2015. MRI analyses focused on overall gray matter (GM) volume and GM volume of cortical regions previously associated with major depression. Higher prenatal stress predicted more mood dysregulation, lower overall GM volume, and lower GM volume in mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus in young adulthood. We observed no prenatal stress by sex interactions for any of the relations. We conclude that prenatal stress is an important risk factor that relates to worse mood states and altered brain structure in young adulthood irrespective of sex. Our results point to the importance and long-lasting effects of prenatal programming and suggest that offspring of mothers who went through substantial stress during pregnancy might benefit from early intervention that would reduce the odds of mental illness in later life.

• MeSH
• afekt fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• psychický stres patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• šedá hmota patologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH