The following trends aim to a more efficient exploitation of packed red blood cells (PRBC): 1. Improvement of the operative distribution of PRBCs for transfusions before expiration. 2. Prolongation of the expiration time by monitoring the biochemical and physical processes during banking. Maintenance of native hemoglobin and restoration or substitution of substances involved in transport of energy and of oxygen are of utmost importance. Enzymic conversion of RBCs of blood group A, B to 0 is not supposed to leave laboratory scale soon. While cryo-conservation of RBCs with glycerine is known, freeze-drying of PRBCs remains a speculation. 3. Use of PRBCs after expiration as a raw material for products applicable in medicine and biochemistry. Stroma-free hemoglobin variants (SFH) are known as effective infusable oxygen carriers in experimental animal models. However, there is little convincing evidence on the metabolism and innocuity of SFH variants in human organism. Therefore, systemic infusion of SFH solutions is not yet acceptable to clinicians even in emergency situations. On the other hand, a broader use of SFH and its variants is anticipated and regarded as prospective in organ perfusion, cardioplegy and transplantation as well as in analytical biochemistry.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• erytrocyty * MeSH
• hemoglobiny MeSH
• konzervace krve MeSH
• krevní banky * normy   MeSH
• krevní transfuze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hemoglobin, stroma free MeSH Prohlížeč
• hemoglobiny MeSH

This review deals with phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) and covers microbiological sources, phytase occurrence in plants and animals, its purification, physico-chemical and molecular properties. Protein engineering of phytase and potential enzyme applications are discussed.

• MeSH
• 6-fytasa * genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteria enzymologie   MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• houby enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potravinářský průmysl MeSH
• rostliny enzymologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 6-fytasa * MeSH

Melanosomes are subcellular organelles with unique properties: they are producers and scavengers of cytotoxic quinones and are involved in free radical reactions. They behave as energy absorbing and converting devices, have an ion-exchange capacity and show affinity to a variety of substances. Even in the absence of melanin, premelanosomes show characteristic properties due to the presence of specific proteins. The melanosome concentration in pigment tissues is high enough to offer possibilities for influencing pigment cells and for detecting and/or killing melanoma cells. The exploitation of melanosome properties in practice is reviewed.

• MeSH
• imunotoxiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melaniny biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• melanocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• melanom diagnóza   metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunotoxiny MeSH
• melaniny MeSH

This paper presents an alternative approach to the Transformer Assessment Index (TAI) by proposing a relatively simple rating method called the Exploitation Perspective Index (EPI). The method provides two numerical indicators: the first reflects the overall technical condition of the particular unit, and the second shows the condition of the unit in the context of the entire fleet. The objective of the EPI method is to support the decision-making process regarding the technical condition assessment of each of the transformers in the target population, considering not only technical but also economic aspects of transformer maintenance. Application of the method is described step by step, including input data, parametrization of the weights, and interpretation of the output results it provides. The proposed method is evaluated by two representative use cases and compared with two other methods. As a result, EPI confirms its applicability, and it has already been successfully implemented by the electric power industry. EPI can be potentially freely adopted for any transformer fleet, as well as for the specific situation of the utility, by adjusting the relevant parameters.

• Klíčová slova
• condition assessment, fault diagnostics, high voltage, measurements, power transformer,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mining, water-reservoir impoundment, underground gas storage, geothermal energy exploitation and hydrocarbon extraction have the potential to cause rock deformation and earthquakes, which may be hazardous for people, infrastructure and the environment. Restricted access to data constitutes a barrier to assessing and mitigating the associated hazards. Thematic Core Service Anthropogenic Hazards (TCS AH) of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) provides a novel e-research infrastructure. The core of this infrastructure, the IS-EPOS Platform (tcs.ah-epos.eu) connected to international data storage nodes offers open access to large grouped datasets (here termed episodes), comprising geoscientific and associated data from industrial activity along with a large set of embedded applications for their efficient data processing, analysis and visualization. The novel team-working features of the IS-EPOS Platform facilitate collaborative and interdisciplinary scientific research, public understanding of science, citizen science applications, knowledge dissemination, data-informed policy-making and the teaching of anthropogenic hazards related to georesource exploitation. TCS AH is one of 10 thematic core services forming EPOS, a solid earth science European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) (www.epos-ip.org).

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This review concentrates on the description of various phytoremediation technologies, paying special attention to removal of organics and the application of in vitro systems for basic research in the role of plants for the remediation of contaminated sites or flows, and in the improvement of their effectiveness. Various aspects of xenobiotic metabolism in plant cells, the role of enzymes involved, and the cooperation with rhizospheric microorganisms accelerating remediation of organics are shown. Application of this approach as well as the possibility of introduction of foreign genes into plant genome that can enhance the rate of the bioremediation are discussed.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• genetické techniky MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• killer faktory kvasinek MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mykotoxiny biosyntéza   genetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transformace genetická MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• KHR1 protein, S cerevisiae MeSH Prohlížeč
• killer faktory kvasinek MeSH
• mykotoxiny MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny MeSH

• MeSH
• diagnóza * MeSH
• počítače * MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel guanidino sugars as isonucleoside analogs is described. 5-Guanidino xylofuranoses containing 3-O-saturated/unsaturated hydrocarbon or aromatic-containing moieties were accessed from 5-azido xylofuranoses via reduction followed by guanidinylation with N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N''-triflylguanidine. Molecules comprising novel types of isonucleosidic structures including 5-guanidino 3-O-methyl-branched N-benzyltriazole isonucleosides and a guanidinomethyltriazole 3'-O-dodecyl xylofuranos-5'-yl isonucleoside were accessed. The guanidinomethyltriazole derivative and a 3-O-dodecyl (N-Boc)guanidino xylofuranose were revealed as selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (Ki =22.87 and 7.49 μM, respectively). The latter also showed moderate antiproliferative effects in chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. An aminomethyltriazole 5'-isonucleoside was the most potent molecule with low micromolar GI50 values in both cells (GI50 =6.33 μM, 8.45 μM), similar to that of the drug 5-fluorouracil in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the most bioactive compounds showed low toxicity in human fibroblasts, further indicating their interest as promising lead molecules.

• Klíčová slova
• antiproliferative activity, cholinesterase inhibitors, guanidino sugars, guanidinylation, nucleoside analogs,
• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• nádory prsu * MeSH
• protinádorové látky * chemie   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• xylosa chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• xylosa MeSH

• MeSH
• akridiny farmakologie   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• parasympatolytika antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• psychotropní léky antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• takrin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• akridiny MeSH
• parasympatolytika MeSH
• psychotropní léky MeSH
• takrin MeSH