The human hip bone is generally accepted as the most reliable bone for sex estimation in forensic and bioarchaeological disciplines. However, it is seldom completely preserved. The best preserved region is typically around the sacroiliac joint and its auricular surface; it is therefore surprising that this surface has not been involved in standard sexing methods. The aim of this study was to explore the shape and size sexual dimorphism of the auricular surface in detail and to compare its sex estimation accuracy using the geometric morphometric (GM) and traditional methodological approach. Our sample consisted of 121 specimens from 3 European osteological collections. The GM part of the study was based on 2D sliding semilandmarks that covered the outline of the auricular surface. Furthermore, several linear measurements and visual features (e.g. auricular surface elevation, postauricular sulcus) were chosen to test sex estimation accuracy using support vector machines. Concerning the GM analysis, the most notable sexual differences in the auricular surface outline relate to size. The best accuracy was achieved using form variables reaching 81.0%. Comparable accuracy (80.2%) was achieved using the metric approach, but combined with visual features the accuracy was increased to 93.4%. The GM approach was not very efficient in sexing the auricular surface outline, but the combination of visual features from the posterior ilium and metric variables of the auricular surface could be useful in sex estimation. Therefore, we provide a further testable linear discriminant equation based on this combination of variables.

• Klíčová slova
• 2D sliding semilandmarks, Auricular surface elevation, Metric approach, Postauricular sulcus, Sex estimation, Support vector machine,
• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský chromozom Y genetika   MeSH
• os ilium fyziologie   MeSH
• soudní antropologie metody   MeSH
• určení pohlaví podle kostry metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The author describes two case-histories of profoundly different diseases which imitated in a similar way the symptoms of acute appendicitis. In both instances the authors had to operate under pressure of the local finding, although in the case of osteomyelitis of the ilium this diagnosis was contemplated before operation. The author draws attention to some specific features of work in developing countries.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• apendicitida diagnóza   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hydronefróza komplikace   MeSH
• ledviny zranění   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• os ilium * MeSH
• osteomyelitida diagnóza   MeSH
• rány a poranění diagnóza   MeSH
• ruptura MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

This paper summarizes the history of the study of bone surface depressions near the contact surfaces of the sacroiliac joint, or grooves located below the linea terminalis, known in the literature as "scars of parturition" or "pelvic scars". Since the beginning of the 20th century, the "sulcus praeauricularis" has been confused with the "sulcus paraglenoidalis" without a satisfactory explanation of their aetiology. Any groove in the preauricular area of the pelvic bone has been referred to as an indicator of female sex and used in sex estimation in a way that does not respect the nature of sex differences. Novotný (1979) included bone structures, which were described by various authors in both females and males, in his method of holistic evaluation. He proposed a three-step categorization for the evaluation of the bone surface of the pelvic preauricular area (three sub-characteristics scored independently) in order to distinguish the sulcus praeauricularis as a female trait from other structures that may occur in both sexes. However, Novotný's work did not become widely known. Testing of the Novotný method was performed in four groups of individuals of known sex without knowledge of the reproductive history of the females (Novotný 1981; Bruzek 2002; Mikešová 2008) and included a total of 852 pelvic bones (457 male and 395 female). The results showed that female morphology, which is characterized by the presence of various forms of sulcus praeauricularis, occurred in a total of 270 of 395 females (68.3%). Female morphology was found in only 5 of 457 males (1.1%). Male morphology was observed in 419 of 457 males (91.7%), but also in 11.1% of females (44 of 395). Indeterminate or ambiguous morphology was found in 33 of 457 males (7.2%) and 81 of 395 females (20.5%). The application of the Novotný method showed that of the total 275 specimens with female morphology, 98.2% were females and only 1.8% were males. It is therefore appropriate to use this reliable method to estimate the sex of skeletal samples. To test the relationship between morphology and obstetric history in females it is necessary to use a sample with known parity.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• os ilium * MeSH
• pánevní kosti * MeSH
• parita MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• porod MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Iliac crest is common site for harvesting bone grafts. Morphometry of iliac crest is of vital importance in orthopedic surgery. Measurements were done on male (n=85) and female (n=85) hip bones. Length of iliac crest, thickness of iliac crest and ilium were measured. Thickness was measured at pre-defined points on crest and ilium 2 cm apart starting from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). Ilium was measured at a depth of 2.5 cm from crest. Statistical analysis was done. Iliac crests were longer in male bones. Ventral iliac crest was thickest at 6 cm from ASIS in both sexes. While iliac crest bore minimum thickness at 12 cm and 10 cm from ASIS in male and female bones respectively, however at 2.5 cm below iliac crest surface ilium was thickest at 4 cm from ASIS and at ASIS in male and female bones respectively. In case of male bones, dorsal part of iliac crest was thickest at 2.15 ± 1.29 cm from posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) while in females it was at 1.78 ± 1.31 cm from PSIS. In dorsal part of ilium, it was observed at 2.31 ± 1.47 cm and 1.9 ± 1.79 cm from PSIS for male and female bones respectively. This study provided detailed variable morphometry and significant sexual dimorphism observed in iliac crest and ilium. Thickest safe zones in both sexes are a useful guide for harvesting appropriate bone grafts.

• Klíčová slova
• Hip bone morphometry, Iliac crest thickness, Ilium, Orthopedic reconstructive surgery,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odběr tkání a orgánů metody   MeSH
• os ilium * anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace kostí * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ILIUM/fractures *,
• MeSH
• fraktury kostí * MeSH
• fraktury páteře * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• os ilium * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ABDOMEN, ACUTE *, APPENDICITIS *, BURSITIS *, ILIUM *, PUBIC BONE *,
• MeSH
• akutní bolest břicha * MeSH
• apendicitida * MeSH
• bolesti břicha * MeSH
• břicho * MeSH
• burzitida * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• os ilium * MeSH
• os pubis * MeSH
• pánevní kosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• HEMANGIOMA/complications *, ILIUM/neoplasms *,
• MeSH
• hemangiom komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * MeSH
• os ilium * MeSH
• osteolýza esenciální * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The case of a 66-year old woman is presented involving the partial transformation of follicular carcinoma with a solid somponent into clear-cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. The carcinoma in its follicular component was seen invading the capsule, striated muscle, and vessels, and metastasizing in the form of a solitary metastasis into the ilium. Postmortem examination ruled out any other aetiology of the clear-cell carcinoma.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk patologie   MeSH
• nádory kostí patologie   MeSH
• nádory štítné žlázy patologie   MeSH
• os ilium MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nekróza MeSH
• os ilium * MeSH
• osteochondritida diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The stature/bi-iliac breadth method provides reasonably precise, skeletal frame size (SFS) based body mass (BM) estimations across adults as a whole. In this study, we examine the potential effects of age changes in anthropometric dimensions on the estimation accuracy of SFS-based body mass estimation. We use anthropometric data from the literature and our own skeletal data from two osteological collections to study effects of age on stature, bi-iliac breadth, body mass, and body composition, as they are major components behind body size and body size estimations. We focus on males, as relevant longitudinal data are based on male study samples. As a general rule, lean body mass (LBM) increases through adolescence and early adulthood until people are aged in their 30s or 40s, and starts to decline in the late 40s or early 50s. Fat mass (FM) tends to increase until the mid-50s and declines thereafter, but in more mobile traditional societies it may decline throughout adult life. Because BM is the sum of LBM and FM, it exhibits a curvilinear age-related pattern in all societies. Skeletal frame size is based on stature and bi-iliac breadth, and both of those dimensions are affected by age. Skeletal frame size based body mass estimation tends to increase throughout adult life in both skeletal and anthropometric samples because an age-related increase in bi-iliac breadth more than compensates for an age-related stature decline commencing in the 30s or 40s. Combined with the above-mentioned curvilinear BM change, this results in curvilinear estimation bias. However, for simulations involving low to moderate percent body fat, the stature/bi-iliac method works well in predicting body mass in younger and middle-aged adults. Such conditions are likely to have applied to most human paleontological and archaeological samples.

• Klíčová slova
• Age changes, Anatomical method, Body size estimation, Lean body mass, Morphometric method, Skeletal frame size,
• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická metody   MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• běloši MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• os ilium anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost * MeSH
• tělesná výška * MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH