programming
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Continual technological advances associated with the recent automation revolution have tremendously increased the impact of computer technology in the industry. Software development and testing are time-consuming processes, and the current market faces a lack of specialized experts. Introducing automation to this field could, therefore, improve software engineers' common workflow and decrease the time to market. Even though many code-generating algorithms have been proposed in textual-based programming languages, to the best of the authors' knowledge, none of the studies deals with the implementation of such algorithms in graphical programming environments, especially LabVIEW. Due to this fact, the main goal of this study is to conduct a proof-of-concept for a requirement-based automated code-developing system within the graphical programming environment LabVIEW. The proposed framework was evaluated on four basic benchmark problems, encompassing a string model, a numeric model, a boolean model and a mixed-type problem model, which covers fundamental programming scenarios. In all tested cases, the algorithm demonstrated an ability to create satisfying functional and errorless solutions that met all user-defined requirements. Even though the generated programs were burdened with redundant objects and were much more complex compared to programmer-developed codes, this fact has no effect on the code's execution speed or accuracy. Based on the achieved results, we can conclude that this pilot study not only proved the feasibility and viability of the proposed concept, but also showed promising results in solving linear and binary programming tasks. Furthermore, the results revealed that with further research, this poorly explored field could become a powerful tool not only for application developers but also for non-programmers and low-skilled users.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- automatizace MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- programovací jazyk * MeSH
- software * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In genetic programming (GP), computer programs are often coevolved with training data subsets that are known as fitness predictors. In order to maximize performance of GP, it is important to find the most suitable parameters of coevolution, particularly the fitness predictor size. This is a very time-consuming process as the predictor size depends on a given application, and many experiments have to be performed to find its suitable size. A new method is proposed which enables us to automatically adapt the predictor and its size for a given problem and thus to reduce not only the time of evolution, but also the time needed to tune the evolutionary algorithm. The method was implemented in the context of Cartesian genetic programming and evaluated using five symbolic regression problems and three image filter design problems. In comparison with three different CGP implementations, the time required by CGP search was reduced while the quality of results remained unaffected.
- Klíčová slova
- Cartesian genetic programming, coevolutionary algorithms, evolutionary design, fitness prediction, image processing., symbolic regression,
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- genetická zdatnost MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- poměr signál - šum MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- software * MeSH
- vylepšení obrazu metody MeSH
- výpočetní biologie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The placenta is the first organ to be created during mammalian development. As the main link between the mother and the fetus it has more diverse functions than any other organ, serving as a digestive, excretory, respiratory, endocrine, and immune system. The outer layer of the placenta, the trophoblast, plays a key role in fetal development by orchestrating all these functions. Recent research has associated perturbations of maternal conditions (such as malnutrition, stress or inflammation) with alterations of the trophoblasts' endocrine, transport and metabolic processes. As reviewed here, adaptations to these conditions enable the fetus to survive, but at the cost of permanently changing its physiology and structure. Moreover, these adaptations trigger fetal programming that increases predisposition to various pathological conditions in adult life, typically metabolic, cardiovascular or CNS diseases.
- Klíčová slova
- Fetal development, Fetal programming, Placenta, Pregnancy, Trophoblast,
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maternofetální výměna látek účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- placenta fyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- trofoblasty cytologie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- vývoj plodu účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- xenobiotika toxicita MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- xenobiotika MeSH
An intensive line of research on fixed parameter tractability of integer programming is focused on exploiting the relation between the sparsity of a constraint matrix A and the norm of the elements of its Graver basis. In particular, integer programming is fixed parameter tractable when parameterized by the primal tree-depth and the entry complexity of A, and when parameterized by the dual tree-depth and the entry complexity of A; both these parameterization imply that A is sparse, in particular, the number of its non-zero entries is linear in the number of columns or rows, respectively. We study preconditioners transforming a given matrix to a row-equivalent sparse matrix if it exists and provide structural results characterizing the existence of a sparse row-equivalent matrix in terms of the structural properties of the associated column matroid. In particular, our results imply that the ℓ 1 -norm of the Graver basis is bounded by a function of the maximum ℓ 1 -norm of a circuit of A. We use our results to design a parameterized algorithm that constructs a matrix row-equivalent to an input matrix A that has small primal/dual tree-depth and entry complexity if such a row-equivalent matrix exists. Our results yield parameterized algorithms for integer programming when parameterized by the ℓ 1 -norm of the Graver basis of the constraint matrix, when parameterized by the ℓ 1 -norm of the circuits of the constraint matrix, when parameterized by the smallest primal tree-depth and entry complexity of a matrix row-equivalent to the constraint matrix, and when parameterized by the smallest dual tree-depth and entry complexity of a matrix row-equivalent to the constraint matrix.
- Klíčová slova
- Fixed parameter tractability, Graver basis, Integer programming, Matroids, Tree-depth, Width parameters,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- programovací jazyk MeSH
- software * MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of the Joint Program-ming process is to pool national research efforts in order to make better use of European precious public research and development resources and to tackle common European challenges more effectively in a few key areas. Joint programming is a structured and strategic process whereby Member States agree, on a voluntary basis and in a partnership approach, on common visions and Strategic Research Agendas (SRA) to address major societal challenges. On a variable geometry basis, Member States commit to Joint Programming Initiatives (JPIs) where they implement together joint Strategic Research Agendas.
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezinárodní spolupráce * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
The paper deals with a lead-through method of programming for industrial robots. The goal is to automatically reproduce 6DoF trajectories of a tool wielded by a human operator demonstrating a motion task. We present a novel motion-tracking system built around the HTC Vive pose estimation system. Our solution allows complete automation of the robot teaching process. Specific algorithmic issues of system calibration and motion data post-processing are also discussed, constituting the paper's theoretical contribution. The motion tracking system is successfully deployed in a pilot application of robot-assisted spray painting.
- Klíčová slova
- HTC Vive, collaborative robotics, industrial robots, lead-through programming, motion control, motion tracking, pose estimation, spray coating, trajectory planning,
- MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyb těles MeSH
- robotika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The max-sum labeling problem, defined as maximizing a sum of binary (i.e., pairwise) functions of discrete variables, is a general NP-hard optimization problem with many applications, such as computing the MAP configuration of a Markov random field. We review a not widely known approach to the problem, developed by Ukrainian researchers Schlesinger et al. in 1976, and show how it contributes to recent results, most importantly, those on the convex combination of trees and tree-reweighted max-product. In particular, we review Schlesinger et al.'s upper bound on the max-sum criterion, its minimization by equivalent transformations, its relation to the constraint satisfaction problem, the fact that this minimization is dual to a linear programming relaxation of the original problem, and the three kinds of consistency necessary for optimality of the upper bound. We revisit problems with Boolean variables and supermodular problems. We describe two algorithms for decreasing the upper bound. We present an example application for structural image analysis.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- interpretace obrazu počítačem metody MeSH
- programování lineární MeSH
- rozpoznávání automatizované metody MeSH
- teorie her MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- vylepšení obrazu metody MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
AIM: This study explores whether personality-based role assignments (Pilot, Navigator, Solo) can raise intrinsic motivation in pair programming, focusing on designing a framework and process extension for the resource-constrained environment of very small entities (VSEs). METHOD: We employed a mixed-methods design across three quasi-experimental datasets (n = 73 participants), applying linear mixed-effects (LME) modeling to assess motivational outcomes and thematically analyzing (n = 25) interviews for socio-psychological insights. FINDINGS: Openness strongly correlates with Pilot roles; Extraversion & Agreeableness favor Navigator roles; and Neuroticism aligns more comfortably with Solo roles-each yielding substantial boosts in intrinsic motivation (up to 60-65%). Twelve qualitative themes underscore the influence of mentorship, pairing constellations, and flow disruptions on developer experiences. IMPLICATIONS: Building on these results, we propose the role-optimization motivation alignment (ROMA) framework, mapped to the ISO/IEC 29110 Software Basic Profile and Agile Guidelines, with practical tasks (T1-T7) to facilitate systematic role-trait alignments in small agile teams. Although our data primarily involve Gen-Z undergraduates, the recurring patterns suggest broader applicability, further supported by a separately published application for ongoing generalizability. CONCLUSION: Personality-driven role optimization may significantly enhance collaboration and developer satisfaction in VSEs, though further studies in professional settings and investigations into AI-assisted or distributed pair programming are warranted.
Tobacco addiction is a serious psychosocial and health problem. A pregnant woman who smokes not only influences the maternal organism, but also passes health risks on to the unborn child. A fetus exposed to maternal smoking is not only directly influenced, but is also endangered by a wide range of diseases up to his or her adult years. The components of tobacco smoke play a significant role in the development of a number of diseases for a large proportion of the smoking population, as well as among those pregnant. This article summarizes findings regarding the impacts on the production of steroid hormones - first describing the smoking-related changes in steroidogenesis in women, and then focusing on the influence of maternal smoking on the fetus's developing steroidogenesis. We assume that if during prenatal development the fetus has already been exposed to the effect of endocrine disruptors at the time fetal steroidogenesis begins fetal programming, this exposure can have serious pathophysiological effects both in the pregnancy as well as later in life. An example of such effects might be a delay in the creation of kidney adrenal androgens, which could also be evident on the level of steroid neuroactive metabolites that may influence the individual's psychological state and lead to later addictions.
- Klíčová slova
- Pregnancy, Smoking, Steroidogenesis, Women,
- MeSH
- fertilita MeSH
- hormony metabolismus MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rozmnožování MeSH
- steroidy metabolismus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vývoj plodu * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hormony MeSH
- steroidy MeSH
