• Klíčová slova
• RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS *, STARVATION *,
• MeSH
• hladovění * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• respirační funkční testy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL *, STARVATION *,
• MeSH
• aklimatizace * MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
• hladovění * MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CLINICAL RESEARCH *, EOSINOPHILS *, LEUKOPENIA *, STARVATION *,
• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum * MeSH
• eozinofily * MeSH
• hladovění * MeSH
• leukopenie * MeSH
• počet leukocytů * MeSH
• poruchy leukocytů * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The role of adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) in maintaining the levels of basic nutrients, under starvation conditions, was studied using Drosophila melanogaster mutants with AKH deficiency (Akh1) and AKH abundance (EE-Akh). Our results showed lipids as the main energy reserve in Drosophila, and their physiological level and metabolism were shown to be under the control of AKH. AKH abundance in the body resulted in lower levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols than in the controls, probably due to a more intensive metabolism; interestingly, there was a disproportional representation of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols in Drosophila. Lower level of glycogen and its partial control by AKH suggest its lesser role as the storage substance. However, maintenance of free carbohydrate level in Drosophila seemed to be critical; when glycogen stores are exhausted, carbohydrates are synthesized from other sources. Protein levels and their alterations, under starvation, did not seem controlled by AKH. AKH-deficient flies were more resistant while AKH-abundant flies were more sensitive to starvation; females were found to be more resistant than males, regardless of the AKH level, probably due to higher body mass and higher amount of nutrients. However, in accordance with the level of all nutrients, that of AKH also gradually decreased with prolonged starvation.

• Klíčová slova
• Drosophila melanogaster mutants, adipokinetic hormone, homeostasis, metabolism, mortality, nutrients, starvation,
• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• delece genu MeSH
• diglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• Drosophila melanogaster genetika   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * MeSH
• geneticky modifikovaná zvířata MeSH
• glykogen metabolismus   MeSH
• hladovění metabolismus   MeSH
• hmyzí hormony genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• křížení genetické MeSH
• kyselina pyrrolidonkarboxylová analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
• metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• oligopeptidy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• proteiny Drosophily genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DAKH peptide MeSH Prohlížeč
• diglyceridy MeSH
• glykogen MeSH
• hmyzí hormony MeSH
• kyselina pyrrolidonkarboxylová MeSH
• oligopeptidy MeSH
• proteiny Drosophily MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

Covalent attachment of Candida utilis cells, possibly simulating natural microbial immobilizations, stimulated stable and significant enhancement of extracellular production of alkaline protease, specifically induced by four different starvation conditions. The enzyme analysis confirmed the identity of the proteases released under all conditions of starvation and no parallel production of other proteolytic enzyme. The enhancement phenomenon as a uniform and stable effect of the whole cell immobilization is discussed in relation to the effect of multipoint, cell-solid surface contact, potentially bringing positive modulations of complex, cellular functions.

• MeSH
• beta-alanin analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• Candida chemie   enzymologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• endopeptidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• hladovění MeSH
• methakryláty chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-alanin MeSH
• endopeptidasy MeSH
• methakryláty MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ADIPOSE TISSUE/chemistry *, STARVATION/experimental *,
• MeSH
• hladovění * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tuková tkáň chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In nature, almost all animals have to cope with periods of food shortage during their lifetimes. Starvation risks are especially high for carnivorous predatory species, which often experience long intervals between stochastic prey capturing events. A laboratory experiment using the common predatory carabid beetle Anchomenus dorsalis revealed an exceptional level of starvation resistance in this species: males survived up to 137 days and females up to 218 days without food at 20°C. Individual starvation resistance was strongly positively affected by pre-starvation body mass but only slightly by beetle structural body size per se. Females outperformed males even when the effect of gender was corrected for the effects of structural body size and pre-starvation body mass. The better performance of females compared to males and of beetles with higher relative pre-starvation body mass could be linked to higher fat content and lean dry mass before starvation, followed by a greater decrease in both during starvation. There was also a difference between the sexes in the extent of body mass changes both during ad libitum feeding and following starvation; the body masses of females fluctuated more compared to males. This study stresses the need to distinguish between body mass and structural body size when investigating the ecological and evolutionary consequences of body size. Investigation of the net effects of body size and sex is necessary to disentangle the causes of differences in individual performances in studies of species with significant sexual size dimorphism.

• MeSH
• brouci chemie   fyziologie   MeSH
• dlouhověkost MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• hladovění MeSH
• lipidy analýza   MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• predátorské chování MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipidy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• GLYCOGEN/metabolism *, LIVER/metabolism *, STARVATION/experimental *,
• MeSH
• glukoneogeneze * MeSH
• glykogen metabolismus   MeSH
• glykogenolýza * MeSH
• hladovění * MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glykogen MeSH

Although desiccation tolerance of Microcoleus species is a well-known phenomenon, there is very little information about their limits of desiccation tolerance in terms of cellular water content, the survival rate of their cells, and the environmental factors inducing their resistance to drying. We have discovered that three Microcoleus strains, isolated from terrestrial habitats of the High Arctic, survived extensive dehydration (to 0.23 g water g(-1) dry mass), but did not tolerate complete desiccation (to 0.03 g water g(-1) dry mass) regardless of pre-desiccation treatments. However, these treatments were critical for the survival of incomplete desiccation: cultures grown under optimal conditions failed to survive even incomplete desiccation; a low temperature enabled only 0-15% of cells to survive, while 39.8-65.9% of cells remained alive and intact after nitrogen starvation. Unlike Nostoc, which co-exists with Microcoleus in Arctic terrestrial habitats, Microcoleus strains are not truly anhydrobiotic and do not possess constitutive desiccation tolerance. Instead, it seems that the survival strategy of Microcoleus in periodically dry habitats involves avoidance of complete desiccation, but tolerance to milder desiccation stress, which is induced by suboptimal conditions (e.g., nitrogen starvation).

• Klíčová slova
• CTC dye, SYTOX Green, cyanobacteria, desiccation tolerance, fluorescence staining, nitrogen starvation, viability,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The author determined the effect of acute starvation on the arterial pO2 and pCO2 value (analysed on a micro-Astrup apparatus) in rats of different ages; in infant rats, this was done by separating them from the female and the nest for 24 hours. Arterial blood was obtained by incising the tail artery. It was found that the pO2 value in rat arterial blood rose signficantly during ontogenesis. At 10 and 14 days the mean pO2 value was 68 torr, while at 25 days and in adult rats it was 92-95 torr. No marked changes were found in CO2 during ontogenesis (the mild drop was not statistically significant). In 10- and 14-day-old rats, 24 hours' starvation caused a significant decrease in pO2. In older rats, deprivation of food and water did not significantly affect the pO2; in the arterial blood. The arterial blood pCO2 was not influenced by starvation. The development of the haematocrit values in mixed blood (obtained by decapitation) during ontogenesis was in agreement with findings in the literature, i.e. a drors' complete starvation produced no change in the haematocrit values in 5- and 10-day-old rats, but a marked increase was recorded in older rats.

• MeSH
• arterie MeSH
• hematokrit * MeSH
• hladovění * MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyslík krev   MeSH
• oxid uhličitý krev   MeSH
• stárnutí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyslík MeSH
• oxid uhličitý MeSH