This research addresses a significant gap in existing literature, which predominantly focuses on mainstream leadership styles, like transactional or transformational leadership. It illustrates how benevolent leadership, characterized by warmth and a paternalistic approach, can foster environments conducive to knowledge sharing and organizational learning. Utilizing a survey of 350 respondents from various knowledge-intensive organizations, the study employs structural equation modelling to analyze the data. The findings challenge the conventional belief that benevolent leadership inherently promotes a learning environment, suggesting that its effectiveness is significantly amplified when combined with trust and open communication. This study contributes to theoretical advancements by integrating social exchange theory with organizational learning, highlighting that the reciprocity triggered by benevolent leadership encourages employees to engage in positive knowledge-sharing behaviors, thereby enhancing organizational learning capabilities. For practitioners, these insights emphasize the importance of nurturing leadership styles that support trust and openness to foster a culture where knowledge is freely shared, thus enhancing the organization's ability to adapt and innovate.

• Klíčová slova
• Benevolent leadership, Knowledge sharing, Open communication, Organizational learning capability, Social exchange, Trust,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Problematic internet use (PIU) has emerged, from the extensive use of the internet, as a concept to describe and understand the more adverse influences of digitalization on people's experiences. PIU refers to compulsive or excessive internet use leading to psychosocial impairments (among others, anxiety, depression, lesser well-being), and it has been studied from diverse perspectives. However, the mechanisms through which PIU could exert its impact on broader satisfaction with life (SWL) remain unclear. The present work postulates that psychological distress acts as a mediator between PIU and SWL. This hypothesis is tested in large participant groups (N = 7,536), representative of the normative population of six European countries in terms of age and gender. In the context of full structural equation modeling, analyses of direct and indirect effects show evidence for partial mediation of psychological distress between PIU and SWL, with the small positive direct effect of PIU on SWL reversing its valence to moderate and negative via the mediation of psychological distress in all six countries. These findings show that psychological distress is relevant to consider both in trying to define the limits of PIU as a construct and in considering its impacts on SWL in general.

• Klíčová slova
• anxiety, depression, problematic internet use, psychological distress, satisfaction with life, stress,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Research suggests that adverse rearing conditions such as poor-quality relations with one's parents are associated with a range of potentially problematic sexual behaviors and interests. Less is known, however, about the mechanisms linking adverse rearing conditions and paraphilic interest, especially in non-incarcerated individuals. In a representative sample of 1600 Czech adults that oversampled people with paraphilic interests, the current study examined the association between lower quality parental relations and violent paraphilic interest (sexual interest in immobilization, biastophilia, and sadomasochism), and whether this association was mediated by attachment insecurity. Participants completed an online survey with questions assessing violent paraphilic interest, attachment style, and quality of relations with their parents up until age 12. A series of models were fitted to hypotheses based on structural equation modeling. The model estimating a mediation effect of relationship quality with parents on paraphilic interests via attachment insecurity showed an adequate fit to the data (RMSEA = .039, SRMR = .027, CFI = .977, TLI = .953). Controlling for age and gender, lower parental relationship quality was associated with higher levels of violent paraphilic interest and this effect was mediated by insecure attachment, specifically preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment styles. Our findings indicate that insecure attachment styles, particularly those that involve anxiety of rejection, may be part of the mechanism linking poor parental bonds and violent paraphilic interest, but the causal nature of these effects cannot be confirmed based on cross-sectional observational data. We discuss study limitations and new research directions in the discussion section.

• Klíčová slova
• Agonistic continuum, Childhood adversity, Paraphilia, Parental relationship quality, Rape,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Urban forests serve as a nature-based solution for mitigating climate change. The active participation of diverse community groups, especially women in the conservation of these resources is essential for effectively addressing climate-related challenges. Female high school students, as a critical demographic within the community, can significantly contribute to the management of urban forests, thereby facilitating the achievement of multiple sustainable development goals including SDG 5, SDG 11, SDG 13, SDG 15, and SDG 17. This study explores the behavioral intentions of female high school students in conserving urban forests for climate change mitigation, addressing a critical research gap in understanding the role of youth, particularly females, in environmental conservation. Employing an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model, this research integrates Environmental Awareness (EA) and Social Responsibility (SR) alongside traditional TPB constructs to enhance explanatory power. Data was collected from 370 students through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results reveal that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, EA, and SR significantly influence students' intentions, while subjective norms show no significant effect. The extended model explains 64.9% of the variance in behavioral intentions, a 21.2% improvement over the initial TPB model. These findings underscore the importance of fostering environmental awareness, cultivating a sense of responsibility, and equipping female students with the skills necessary to contribute to urban forest conservation. The study offers actionable insights for policymakers and educators to design targeted initiatives that empower female youth as agents of change in climate action.

• Klíčová slova
• Attitude, Climate change, Environmental awareness, Pro-environmental behavior, Social responsibility, Urban greenspace,
• MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• studenti * psychologie   MeSH
• úmysl * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Írán MeSH

This work introduces an extension of an existing thermodynamic model for gas hydrates based on the van der Waals and Platteeuw (vdWP) approach for structure H (sH) hydrates. A model for the hydrate volume is adapted to the hexagonal unit cell with a universal correlation for the thermal expansion, guest-specific lattice parameters at reference conditions, a compressibility relation given in terms of the Murnaghan equation of state (EOS), and a multi-layered description of the hydrate cavities. Available experimental data for the lattice parameters are represented within ±0.05 Å, while molecular simulation predictions show larger deviations. The results allow for the determination of lattice parameters for 10 help gases and 15 large-guest molecule substances (LGMSs), which enables the application to a wide range of hydrate-forming mixtures. In combination with multiparameter EOS for fluid phases, i.e., the IAPWS-95 for water, the proposed vdWP-type model is validated by comparing predicted hydrate formation conditions with experimental data for methylcyclohexane or 2-methylbutane containing mixtures, demonstrating good agreement. The fluid EOS for methylcyclohexane systems with water, carbon dioxide, and methane and 2-methylbutane with water is revised.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Objective: The study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Czech translation of the Questionnaire of Personal Changes (Q-PC), a measure designed for retrospective (direct) measurement of change in psychotherapy.Methods: A sample of group psychotherapy clients (N = 222) and a nonclinical sample (N = 167) sample were used. Clients in the clinical sample were administered the Q-PC in addition to several pre-post outcome measures. Confirmatory factor analysis, correlational analysis, and structural equation modeling were used to test the Q-PC's factor structure, longitudinal measurement invariance, reliability, convergent validity, sensitivity to change, and other psychometric properties.Results: The Q-PC demonstrated a unidimensional structure that was strictly invariant between two follow-up measurement waves. The measure also demonstrated excellent reliability and sensitivity to change and good convergent validity. Furthermore, it demonstrated a similar relationship to baseline severity as the pre-post outcome measures.Conclusions: The retrospective measurement of change is a promising approach that has the potential to complement the traditional pre-post measurement of change.

• Klíčová slova
• Questionnaire of Personal Changes, direct measurement of change, factor analysis, positive change bias, retrospective measurement of change, sensitivity to change,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy * terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky normy   MeSH
• psychometrie * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• skupinová psychoterapie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

In this article, a class of static configurations for stellar equilibrium in relativistic charged spheres with anisotropic fluid is studied. The Buchdahl ansatz is employed to solve the Einstein-Maxwell field equations, which govern the behavior of charged, relativistic stellar objects. The matter distribution within the charged sphere is shown to satisfy all the necessary energy conditions, including the hydrostatic equilibrium condition. Several compact objects, such as GW 190814, PSR J0952-0607, PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620, GW 170817, PSR J1614-2230, PSR J2215+5135, and 4U 1608-52, are discussed to predict their masses and radii. These predictions are crucial for understanding the properties of compact stars, including neutron stars and possibly exotic stars. The physical properties of the charged sphere are examined, including mass, surface redshift, adiabatic index, and the speed of sound. The solutions are presented graphically, illustrating the structure of the stars. The results demonstrate that the maximum density and pressure occur at the center of the star, and these quantities are continuous and well-behaved throughout the star's interior, avoiding singularities. These features offer strong support for the physical viability of the model, suggesting that the Buchdahl ansatz provides a realistic description of compact stars with electric charge and anisotropy.

• MeSH
• anizotropie MeSH
• hvězdy (astronomie) * MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The research focuses on optical solitons and employs the generalized auxiliary equation technique to obtain soliton resolutions for the nonlinear Kairat-X equation. This equation considers wave number groups influenced by time and velocity dispersion in non-linear mediums. Because of their stability and numerous uses in signal processing, telecommunications, and quantum physics, optical solitons are appreciated. Novel periodic, exponential, and other soliton solutions are shown in the work, and the dynamics of the model are thoroughly examined using phase portraits, quasi-periodic patterns, Lyapunov exponents, 3D attractors, 2D power spectra, and sensitivity analysis. Various simulations show how noise intensity variations affect system sensitivity and instability through the assessment of stochastic sensitivity along with Poincaré, and Lyapunov analysis. These results provide a significant addition to the discipline.

• Klíčová slova
• Chaos, Lyapunov exponent, Multistability, Sensitivity analysis,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PROBLEM: Disgust contributes to anxiety-based psychopathology, and in turn, anxiety increases disgust proneness. BACKGROUND: Disgust and anxiety undergo significant changes in pregnancy, but no previous study has examined their longitudinal associations in this time period. AIM: This prospective longitudinal study aimed to identify longitudinal associations between disgust sensitivity and state anxiety across the three trimesters of pregnancy, while exploring the directionality of the effect between those two variables. METHODS: At each trimester of pregnancy, the pregnant women (n = 261) completed the Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R), the Pathogen disgust domain of the Three Domains of Disgust Scale (TDDS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A path analysis (structural equation model) was used to assess cross-lagged effects between disgust sensitivity and state anxiety across the three pregnancy trimesters. FINDINGS: We found significant cross-lagged associations between disgust and anxiety such that higher disgust (overall DS-R score, Core disgust subscale of DS-R and Pathogen disgust domain of TDDS) in the first trimester predicted greater anxiety in the third. No significant cross-lagged associations were found between Animal-reminder or Contamination disgust subscales of DS-R and state anxiety. State anxiety did not predict disgust sensitivity at any time point. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate a unidirectional association between disgust sensitivity and state anxiety in pregnant women such that disgust sensitivity in early pregnancy predicts state anxiety in late pregnancy, but anxiety does not predict disgust sensitivity at any time point. CONCLUSION: Assessing disgust in early pregnancy could help to identify women at risk of higher anxiety levels in advanced pregnancy.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19 pandemic, Cross-lagged path model, Disgust, Emotion, Longitudinal, Pregnancy, State anxiety,
• MeSH
• analýza latentních tříd MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• odpor * MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prenatální diagnóza metody   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• těhotné ženy * psychologie   MeSH
• trimestry těhotenství * psychologie   MeSH
• úzkost * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Following the early simulation results for simple liquids, various hard body fluids have been used in molecular-based equations of state as a leading/reference term. This has been justified for normal liquids by the similarity of their structure, but for polar and associating ones, a direct application of hard body models has not been considered so far. Viewing the hard body models, fused-hard-sphere bodies, as simple geometrical objects, their mutual interaction is additive. However, when accounting for the mutual effect of the site-site interactions, the individual hard sphere-hard sphere interactions may become non-additive, and consequently, the resulting interaction between the hard bodies becomes non-additive, which may also affect their structure. The effect of the non-additivity on the structural properties, the site-site and dipole-dipole correlation functions are analyzed in detail by considering three polar fluids, quadrupolar carbon dioxide, dipolar acetonitrile, and acetone, as well as two associating fluids, methanol and water. The modification of the mutual geometry in the non-additive models leads to differences both in their structural and orientation correlations. The comparison of the structure of the non-additive purely repulsive hard-body models with those of the empirical models of the chosen real liquids shows surprising similarities, which extends the possibilities of the direct application of the hard-body fluids as reference systems in perturbation theories.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH