Brucellosis is a zoonosis with non-specific clinical symptoms involving multiple systems and organs. Its prevalence is low in most of EU countries, which can lead to the difficulties in laboratory and clinical diagnostic. Due to its relationship to the Ochrobactrum spp., it may be misclassified in rapid identification systems. We present a case of a 13-year-old immunocompetent girl who was examined several times for fever, fatigue, night sweats and weight loss; laboratory results showed mildly elevated C-reactive protein, anaemia and leukopenia. Four weeks before the onset of symptoms, she had been on a family holiday in Egypt. Given her symptoms, a haemato-oncological or autoimmune disease was considered more likely. The diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis was made after 4 months. The main reasons for this delay were as follows: low specificity of clinical symptoms, delay in completing the travel history, inconclusive initial serological results and misidentification of the blood culture isolate as Ochrobactrum sp. Even in countries with a low incidence of brucellosis, it is essential to educate healthcare professionals about the disease. Low specificity of symptoms and limited experience of laboratory staff may lead to late diagnosis with risk of complications and poor outcome. If Ochrobactrum spp. is detected in clinical specimens by rapid identification, careful re-evaluation must follow and all measures to prevent laboratory-acquired infections must be taken until Brucella spp. is unequivocally excluded.

• MeSH
• bakteriemie * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Brucella izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• brucelóza * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• chybná diagnóza * MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• horečka * mikrobiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Ochrobactrum * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• spondylitida mikrobiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Egypt MeSH

BACKGROUND: Vaccination against 5 prominent meningococcal serogroups (A/B/C/W/Y) is necessary for broad disease protection. We report immunopersistence through 4 years after a 2-dose (6-month interval) pentavalent MenABCWY primary vaccine series and safety and immunogenicity of a booster administered 4 years after primary vaccination. METHODS: This randomized, active-controlled, observer-blinded study was conducted in the United States and Europe. In stage 1, healthy MenACWY vaccine-naive or -experienced 10- to 25-year-olds were randomized 1:2 to receive MenABCWY and placebo or MenB-fHbp and MenACWY-CRM. Eligible participants were randomly selected to participate in stage 2, which was an open-label immunopersistence and booster extension. Immunogenicity was assessed through serum bactericidal antibody using human complement (hSBA) assays with serogroups A/C/W/Y (MenA/C/W/Y) and 4 primary serogroup B (MenB) test strains. Immunogenicity endpoints included hSBA seroprotection rates through 48 months after primary vaccination and 1 month after the booster. Safety endpoints included booster reactogenicity events and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Of 1379 eligible participants, 353 entered stage 2; 242 completed the 48-month blood draw after primary vaccination and 240 completed the booster vaccination phase. MenA/C/W/Y seroprotection rates remained high for 4 years following a 2-dose MenABCWY primary series (MenACWY-naive, 62.0 %-100.0 %; MenACWY-experienced, 98.7 %-100.0 %) and trended higher than those after a single MenACWY-CRM dose (MenACWY-naive, 38.1 %-95.2 %; MenACWY-experienced, 89.7 %-100.0 %). Corresponding seroprotection rates against MenB remained stable and generally higher than baseline (MenABCWY, 18.2 %-36.6 %; MenB-fHbp, 16.2 %-31.9 % across strains). Following a booster, seroprotection rates against all 5 serogroups were ≥ 93.8 % across groups. Most booster dose reactogenicity events were mild or moderate in severity, and AEs were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Immune responses remained high for MenA/C/W/Y and above baseline for MenB through 4 years after the MenABCWY primary series, with robust responses for all 5 serogroups observed following a booster. The MenABCWY booster had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile consistent with the primary series. NCT03135834.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunogenicita vakcíny MeSH
• komplement imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meningokokové infekce * prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• meningokokové vakcíny * imunologie   škodlivé účinky   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Neisseria meningitidis imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální * krev   MeSH
• sekundární imunizace * metody   MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• vakcíny konjugované imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

The rapid evolution and spread of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens has significantly outpaced the development of new antibiotics, underscoring the urgent need for alternative therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy have emerged as promising treatments. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy relies on the interaction between light and a photosensitizer to produce reactive oxygen species, which are highly cytotoxic to microorganisms, leading to their destruction without fostering resistance. Antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy, a novel variation, substitutes ultrasound for light to activate the sonosensitizers, expanding the therapeutic reach. To increase the efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy, the combination of these two methods, known as antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy, is currently being explored and considered a promising approach. Recent advances, particularly in the application of nanomaterials, have further enhanced the efficacy of these therapies. Nanosensitizers, due to their improved reactive oxygen species generation and targeted delivery, offer significant advantages in overcoming the limitations of conventional sensitizers. These breakthroughs provide new avenues for treating bacterial infections, especially multidrug-resistant strains and biofilm-associated infections. Continued research, including comprehensive clinical studies, is crucial to optimizing nanomaterial-based antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy for clinical use, ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce * farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   terapie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• fotochemoterapie * metody   MeSH
• fotosenzibilizující látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nanostruktury chemie   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• ultrazvuková terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In 2019, Pantoea piersonii was initially isolated from the interior surfaces of the International Space Station. This microorganism is a species within the genus Pantoea in the family Erwiniaceae, belonging to the order Enterobacterales. Recent literature has documented four cases of its isolation. Despite initial predictions suggesting the non-pathogenicity of P. piersonii strains, evidence from observed cases indicates potential pathogenicity. According to documented evidence in the literature, this microorganism is capable of causing severe and life-threatening conditions, including sepsis. Traditional tests, as well as automated systems, may fail to provide complete differentiation due to these similarities. While MALDI-TOF MS is a valuable tool for identification in clinical diagnostic microbiology, sequencing may be necessary for precise identification. To determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile, various methods can be utilized, including minimum inhibitory concentration determination, disk diffusion testing (Kirby-Bauer test), genotypic resistance assays (PCR and sequencing), and automated systems. The literature reports a limited number of cases associating P. piersonii with human infection. This study contributes to this body of knowledge by reporting a novel case in which P. piersonii was isolated from a tissue sample for the first time. In this case report, the patient achieved recovery following the administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment based on the diagnosis. It underscores the need for precise identification and understanding of its pathogenicity.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• enterobakteriální infekce * mikrobiologie   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
• Pantoea * izolace a purifikace   genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Foodborne diseases triggered by various infectious micro-organisms are contributing significantly to the global disease burden as well as to increasing mortality rates. Salmonella enterica belongs to the most prevalent form of bacteria accountable for significant burden of foodborne illness across the globe. The conventional therapeutic approach to cater to Salmonella enterica-based infections relies on antibiotic therapy, but the rapid emergence of the antibiotic resistance strains of Salmonella sp. necessitates the development of alternative treatment and prevention strategies. In light of this growing concern, the scientific community is rigorously exploring novel phytochemicals harnessed from medicinally important plants as a promising approach to curb Salmonella enterica infections. A variety of phytochemicals belonging to alkaloids, phenols, flavonoid, and terpene classes are reported to exhibit their inhibitory activity against bacterial cell communication, membrane proteins, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation among drug resistant Salmonella strains. The present review article delves to discuss the emergence of antibiotic resistance among Salmonella enterica strains, various plant sources, identification of phytochemicals, and the current state of research on the use of phytochemicals as antimicrobial agents against Salmonella enterica, shedding light on the promising potential of phytochemicals in the fight against this pathogen.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• fytonutrienty * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci přenášené potravou mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Salmonella enterica * účinky léků   MeSH
• salmonelóza * mikrobiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease, with its mortality rate varying depending on the infectious agent. Streptococci are among the most common causes of infective endocarditis. However, Streptococcus vestibularis has rarely been associated with human infections, typically affecting patients with underlying conditions such as immunosuppressive diseases, valve replacement, rheumatic heart disease, and hemodialysis. We present the case of a 26-year-old man who presented with fever, unanticipated weight loss, and fatigue. Although no typical risk factors for infective endocarditis were identified at admission, transesophageal echocardiography revealed a bicuspid aortic valve with calcification, paravalvular aortic abscess formation, and vegetations on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Blood cultures grew S. vestibularis, which was initially sensitive to benzylpenicillin but developed emergent resistance on the third day of the antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, ceftriaxone therapy was initiated, and blood cultures became sterile on day 10. The patient eventually underwent aortic valve replacement. We report the first known case of native aortic and mitral valve endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis, accompanied by a paravalvular abscess around the native aortic valve, in a patient who had no typical risk factors for infective endocarditis, except for a bicuspid aortic valve.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aortální insuficience * mikrobiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• bakteriální endokarditida * komplikace   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bikuspidální aortální chlopeň * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• cefalosporiny třetí generace terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ceftriaxon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chirurgická náhrada chlopně MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitrální chlopeň * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• penicilin G terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rezistence na penicilin MeSH
• streptokokové infekce * komplikace   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

To trace evolution of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Czech Republic, we tested 103 MRSA isolates from humans. Five (4.9%) were Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398, sequence types 1232 and 9181. Spread to the Czech Republic may result from travel to or from other countries.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny * biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exotoxiny * genetika   biosyntéza   MeSH
• leukocidiny * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Medical students are exposed to the hospital environment and patients during their studies, increasing the risk of exposure to virulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci. The obtained isolates were confirmed as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant (MRSA) using PCR. Antibiotic resistance, the presence of virulence genes including enterotoxin encoding genes, and spa typing were performed. Among pre-clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 45.2% and on the fingerprints in 10.6% of the participants. Among clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 42.0% and on the fingerprints in 25.4%. Only one MRSA isolate was obtained. Genes seg and sei were the most frequently detected in both student groups, with their presence in over 40% of isolates among clinical students. The eta and etb genes were mainly detected from the nose in both student groups. In pre-clinical students, S. aureus carrying eta gene occurred in 6.4% and etb in 8.5%. In clinical students, the occurrence was 5.1% for eta and 8.5% for etb. The tst gene was identified only in the nose and fingerprints of the clinical student group. The most frequently observed resistance was to clindamycin and erythromycin. In total 58 different spa types were identified. High rates of asymptomatic MSSA carriage were observed in both groups of medical students. Detected MSSA strains showed a high degree of genetic variability, with a number of them carrying the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Although students do not exhibit increased risk to their patient's, increased hygiene is required in asymptomatic carriage personnel. The overall prevalence of MRSA was low, with a minimal risk of spread.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktory virulence * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   klasifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• přenašečství * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   klasifikace   MeSH
• studenti lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ravulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the complement C5 protein. This drug has been approved by different regulatory agencies worldwide for the treatment of AQP-4 seropositive NMOSD based on the results of the CHAMPION-NMOSD trial. Similar to eculizumab, ravulizumab offers highly effective prevention of NMOSD relapses. Both molecules demonstrated more than 90% reduction in relapse risk compared to the placebo group. Ravulizumab has a longer half-life allowing extending interval dosing from two to eight weeks compared to eculizumab. Patients taking C5 complement inhibitors have an increased risk of serious meningococcal infections, therefore vaccination is mandatory before treatment initiation.

• Klíčová slova
• studie CHAMPION-NMOSD, Ravulizumab, AQP4-IgG pozitivní NMOSD,
• MeSH
• akvaporin 4 antagonisté a inhibitory   imunologie   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * farmakologie   klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• komplement C5 antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meningokokové infekce imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• neuromyelitis optica * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• dexamethason aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci spojivky diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• skleritida * diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• tuberkulom diagnóza   komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH