BACKGROUND/AIM: Low levels of vitamin D are a widespread global issue. This study aimed to determine the optimal vitamin D3 supplementation dose for healthy young adults by comparing the effectiveness of gradually increasing cholecalciferol doses over two years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five volunteers participated in a two-season pilot study conducted from October to April to avoid sunlight-induced vitamin D3 synthesis. The participants used oil-based drops of cholecalciferol, increasing their dose from 1,000 to 2,000, 4,000, and then 8,000 IU daily for 60 days with a 30-day break. RESULTS: Supplementing with 1,000 IU/day raised vitamin D levels to the recommended range (above 75 nmol/l), but levels dropped below this range after a 30-day break. A dose of 2,000 IU/day maintained vitamin D levels within the recommended range, even after the break. Increasing the dose to 4,000 IU/day produced a rapid rise, though levels dropped more significantly after stopping supplementation. With 8,000 IU/day, both the rise and subsequent decline in vitamin D levels were more pronounced. CONCLUSION: Effective vitamin D supplementation in healthy young adults can be achieved with a daily dose of 2,000 IU during winter. However, 4,000 IU/day was more effective for maintaining levels above 100 nmol/l, supporting broader health benefits. Regular monitoring of [25(OH)D], calcium, and phosphorus levels is essential.

• MeSH
• cholekalciferol * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D farmakoterapie   krev   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• vitamin D * aplikace a dávkování   krev   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

V článku je uveden přehled současných poznatků o vitaminu D z klinického hlediska. Jsou shrnuta základní fakta o jeho formách, fyziologických účincích a metabolismu. Z klinického hlediska se článek věnuje stavu zásobení vitaminem D, defi- citu vitaminu D a jeho klinickým projevům a léčbě. V části věnované léčbě jsou shrnuty současné poznatky o používaných formách vitaminu D, jejich indikacích, strategiích léčby a doporučeném dávkování.

The article reviews current knowledge about vitamin D from the clinical point of view. The basic facts about its forms, physiological effects and metabolism are summarized. From clinical point of view the article deals with the state of supply of vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency and its clinical signs, symptoms and therapy. In paragraphs devoted to the treatment the current knowledge about forms of vitamin D, their indication, doses and dosage regimens are summarized.

• MeSH
• cholekalciferol MeSH
• ergokalciferoly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• vitamin D * aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   toxicita   MeSH
• výživové doporučené dávky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Background/Objectives: Given the crucial health benefits of vitamin D, addressing severe deficiencies is a pressing medical concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two new weekly doses of calcifediol (100 μg and 125 μg) for long-term management in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency, defined as plasma 25(OH)D levels ≤10 ng/mL. Methods: This study was a randomized, two-cohort, controlled, double-blind, multicentre phase II-III trial. Subjects were randomized 2:2:1 to weekly calcifediol 100 μg, 125 μg or a placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving plasma 25(OH)D levels of ≥20 ng/mL and/or ≥30 ng/mL by week 16. Results: A total of 276 patients (mean age: 55.2 years, SD 15.42) were randomized. By week 16, 92.3% and 91.8% of patients in the calcifediol 100 μg and 125 μg groups, respectively, reached ≥20 ng/mL, compared to 7.3% in the placebo group. Levels of ≥30 ng/mL were achieved by 49% (100 μg) and 76.4% (125 μg) of participants, with none in the placebo group. Calcifediol demonstrated superior efficacy at all response levels and time points (p < 0.0001). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased by week 24 and remained stable. The incidence of adverse events was comparable across groups. Conclusions: A weekly calcifediol dose of 100 μg demonstrates the best profile of efficacy and tolerability, providing a reliable solution for achieving and maintaining adequate vitamin D levels in patients with severe deficiency.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• kalcifediol * krev   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D * farmakoterapie   krev   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vitamin D krev   analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

To evaluate vitamin D levels in children treated with fractures during the healing period. A four-year prospective study, including healthy children treated with diaphyseal fracture of femur or forearm bones. Vitamin D levels were examined four times: at the time of the injury and then one, three, and five months after the injury, together with P1NP, ALP, GGT, and parathormone. In the beginning, patients were blindly divided into two groups, one supplemented with vitamin D3 for the entire follow-up period, the other non-supplemented. Altogether, 107 children underwent examination at the time of their injuries. Of these, 63 were included in the study and examined for the entire follow-up period - 36 supplemented, 27 non-supplemented. At the time of injury, 42 % had a deficit of vitamin D, 36.5 % had insufficiency, only 21.5 % had normal levels. In the children supplemented with cholecalciferol, vitamin D levels increased statistically significantly during the follow-up period (already after 1 month), in contrast with non-supplemented patients, where they did not. When we divided patients according to the initial vitamin D levels (deficit/insufficiency/normal levels) or fracture type (femur/forearm), we also observed significantly better results in supplemented groups. We observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficit or insufficiency in healthy children at the time of their injuries. Patients supplemented with vitamin D3 had normal levels already after one month and this persisted throughout the follow-up period, in contrast with non-supplemented patients. Therefore, we recommend vitamin D testing and administration for children treated for fractures. Keywords: Vitamin D, Pediatric fracture, Children, Vitamin D supplementation.

• MeSH
• cholekalciferol krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fraktury femuru krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• hojení fraktur * účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D * krev   epidemiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• vitamin D * krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Optimal vitamin D levels are required for bone health and proper functionality of the nervous, musculoskeletal and immune systems. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety profiles of new weekly calcifediol formulations with the potential to improve adherence and outcome. METHODS: A Phase II-III, double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial (EudraCT 2020-001099-14 and NCT04735926). Subjects were randomized 2:2:1 to calcifediol 75 μg, 100 μg and placebo. 25(OH)D levels were measured at 4, 16, 24, 32 and 52 weeks. The main outcome was the percentage of subjects who achieved a response defined as 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL and/or ≥30 ng/mL at week 16. RESULTS: 398 subjects (51.1 ± 15.96 years, 74.2% females, 98.7% Caucasian) with plasma 25(OH)D levels between 10 and 20 ng/mL were randomized. A total of 376 subjects completed 16 weeks of treatment, and 355 subjects completed the study. Six patients withdrew due to an adverse event, all unrelated to treatment. At week 16, 93.6% and 74.4% of subjects receiving calcifediol 75 μg achieved response levels of ≥20 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL, respectively. The calcifediol 100 μg group showed 98.7% and 89.9% of responders for ≥20 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL, respectively. Both calcifediol groups showed superiority over placebo at each response level at all time points analyzed (p < 0.0001). Calcifediol treatments increased 25(OH)D levels from baseline to week 24 and remained stable thereafter. The frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events was balanced between groups. CONCLUSIONS: New weekly calcifediol 75 and 100 μg formulations showed an effective and sustained response with a good long-term safety profile.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• kalcifediol * krev   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D * farmakoterapie   krev   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vitamin D krev   analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Vztah složení naší stravy a vzniku a léčby diabetes mellitus 1. typu (DM1) je znám již od dob před objevením inzulinu, kdy se poprvé objevila snaha pomocí dietních opatření zpomalit či zastavit progresi onemocnění. Kromě toho je k dietě přistupováno i jako k doplňkové léčbě k inzulinoterapii, jejímž účelem má být snaha o dosažení terapeutických cílů. V rámci dietních opatření v souvislosti s DM1 byl dosud zejména zkoumán vliv umělé dětské výživy, lepku, respektive jeho vysazení, vitaminu D, omega-3 mastných kyselin a sníženého příjmu sacharidů v rámci takzvané nízkosacharidové diety. Cílem tohoto přehledového článku je uceleně shrnout nejnovější vědecké poznatky o nutričních intervencích v různých fázích DM1.

Nutrition and type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been closely linked even before the discovery of insulin where the dietary interventions have been part of the effort to prevent or slow the progression of the disease. Additionally, alternative dietary approaches are sought as an adjuvant therapy to insulin use. The focus is given to these dietary approaches – infant formula, gluten and its exclusion, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and limiting of the carbohydrate intake. The aim of this review is to summarize the scientific knowledge regarding dietary interventions in different stages of T1D.

• MeSH
• bezlepková dieta klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * diagnóza   dietoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• dieta s omezením sacharidů klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• dietoterapie * klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kalcitriol terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omega-3 mastné kyseliny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• strava, jídlo, výživa MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Exercise-induced inflammation can influence iron metabolism. Conversely, the effects of vitamin D3, which possesses anti-inflammatory properties, on ultramarathon-induced heart damage and changes in iron metabolism have not been investigated. Thirty-five healthy long-distance semi-amateur runners were divided into two groups: one group received 150,000 IU of vitamin D3 24 h prior to a race (n = 16), while the other group received a placebo (n = 19). Serum iron, hepcidin (HPC), ferritin (FER), erythroferrone (ERFE), erythropoietin (EPO), neopterin (NPT), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels were assessed. A considerable effect of ultramarathon running on all examined biochemical markers was observed, with a significant rise in serum levels of ERFE, EPO, HPC, NPT, and cTnT detected immediately post-race, irrespective of the group factor. Vitamin D3 supplementation showed a notable interaction with the UM, specifically in EPO and cTnT, with no other additional changes in the other analysed markers. In addition to the correlation between baseline FER and post-run ERFE, HPC was modified by vitamin D. The ultramarathon significantly influenced the EPO/ERFE/HPC axis; however, a single substantial dose of vitamin D3 had an effect only on EPO, which was associated with the lower heart damage marker cTnT after the run.

• MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• biologické markery * krev   MeSH
• cholekalciferol * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• erythropoetin krev   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hepcidiny krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maratonský běh * MeSH
• nemoci srdce prevence a kontrola   etiologie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• troponin T krev   MeSH
• železo * krev   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Role vitaminu D je klasicky spojována především s kalcium-fosfátovým metabolismem. V posledních letech však máme stále více informací o jeho významném imunoregulačním vlivu, a to jak na vrozenou, tak adaptivní imunitu. Vitamin D má svůj význam při ochraně před patogenními mikroorganismy i v udržení imunotolerance a jeho nedostatek bývá spojován s infekcemi, autoimunitními či nádorovými chorobami.

Vitamin D is associated primarily with calcium-phosphate metabolism. However, in recent years we have many studies demontrating its significant immunoregulatory effect, both on innate and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D is important in protection against pathogenic microorganisms and in maintaining immunotolerance, and its deficiency is assumed to be associated with infections, autoimmune or cancer diseases.

• MeSH
• adaptivní imunita fyziologie   MeSH
• imunomodulace * fyziologie   MeSH
• kalcitriol analýza   fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D imunologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita fyziologie   MeSH
• vitamin D * analýza   fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• cholekalciferol aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vitamin D * krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Background: The degree of blood pH affects the fundamental function of vitamin D, which is to maintain calcium and phosphorus as well as many other biochemical, neurological, and behavioural activities the difference in blood pH impacts the levels of calcium and vitamin D in the blood, and it is also in charge of ensuring that calcium levels are suitable and constant.Objective: that blood pH affects the basic function of calcium and phosphorus and vitamin D, the difference in pH affects calcium and vitamin D levels in the blood and is also responsible for keeping calcium levels appropriate and stable.Methods: 7 groups composed of 35 mature female rats were divided at random.Results: After 24 hours, none of the animals died. While stress activity increased with alkaline water, vitamin D3 and calcium levels increased in the acid water group while their concentration decreased with prednisolone, while calcium levels did not change in the alkaline water group. The animals in the two groups of vitamin D3 and acidified water with or without prednisolone moved less in the open field. Along with increased oxidative stress, vitamin D3 with acid water also inhibited cholinesterase activity. The lipid profile in the blood is impacted by the vitamin D3 group in both acidic and alkaline water.Conclusion: Prednisolone reduces serum levels of vitamin D3. And that acidic water directly affects the toxicity of vitamin D3, while alkaline water significantly reduces toxicity.

• MeSH
• biochemická analýza krve metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• cholekalciferol aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů * MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus krev   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• neurologické manifestace MeSH
• pitná voda * analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prednisolon aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• vápník analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus krev   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH