Oral microorganisms are closely related to oral health, the occurrence of some oral diseases is associated with changes in the oral microbiota, and many studies have demonstrated that traditional smoking can affect the oral microbial community. However, due to the short time since the emergence of e-cigarettes, fewer studies are comparing oral microorganisms for users of e-cigarettes versus cigarettes. We collected saliva from 40 non-smokers (NS), 46 traditional cigarette smokers (TS), and 27 e-cigarette consumers (EC), aged between 18 and 35 years. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the saliva samples collected to study the effects of e-cigarettes versus traditional cigarettes on the oral microbiome. The results showed that compared with the NS group, the alpha diversity of oral flora in saliva was altered in the TS group, with no significant change in the e-cigarette group. Compared with the NS and EC groups, the relative abundance of Actinomyces and Prevotella was increased in the TS group. However, compared with the NS and TS groups, the relative abundance of Veillonella was increased, and the relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus was decreased in the EC group. These results showed that both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes could alter the structure and composition of oral microbiota. The use of traditional cigarettes promotes the growth of some anaerobic bacteria, which may contribute to dental decay and bad breath over time. E-cigarettes have a different effect on the structure and composition of the oral microbial community compared to conventional cigarettes. In order to better understand the effects of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes on users' mouths, future studies will investigate the relationship between diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis and changes in oral microbial species levels.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace izolace a purifikace genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kuřáci * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- sliny * mikrobiologie MeSH
- systémy dodávající nikotin elektronicky MeSH
- tabákové výrobky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- ústa * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
This study investigates the interaction of two approved and one newly developed latanoprost formulation with in vitro and in silico models of the tear film and tear film lipid layer (TFLL). Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue used for intraocular elevated pressure treatment, is topically delivered by nanocarriers within aqueous solutions or emulsions. The study focuses on the impact of these carriers on drug interactions with the tear film and their effect on the TFLL. Three different types of latanoprost carriers, micellar, nanoemulsion, and polymer-based, were compared, and each revealed distinct interaction patterns with the TFLL. Surface pressure kinetics demonstrated a rapid increase for the benzalkonium chloride formulation and a slow rise for the preservative-free variants. Visualization of the acellular in vitro TFLL model revealed different patterns of incorporation for each formulation, indicating unique interaction mechanisms. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed different mechanisms of drug release in the TFLL between micellar and nanoemulsion formulations. In-depth examination highlighted the role of triglyceride molecules in replenishing the nonpolar layer of the TFLL, which suggests potential improvements in ocular surface compatibility by adjusting the quality and concentration of the oily phase. These findings suggest the potential for optimizing latanoprost formulations by tuning the oily phase-to-surfactant ratio and selecting suitable surfactants.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva terapeutické užití MeSH
- glaukom * farmakoterapie MeSH
- latanoprost terapeutické užití MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nitrooční tlak MeSH
- oči * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- zdánlivý pohyb,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oči MeSH
- péče o sebe * metody MeSH
- počítače MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- pohyby očí MeSH
- relaxační terapie metody MeSH
- zrak * MeSH
- zraková percepce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- čakry,
- MeSH
- adaptace na tmu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meditace metody MeSH
- melatonin terapeutické užití MeSH
- oči MeSH
- oční nemoci terapie MeSH
- poruchy zraku terapie MeSH
- relaxační terapie metody MeSH
- senzorická deprivace MeSH
- spirituální terapie metody MeSH
- zrak MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- posturální deformity,
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hlava * abnormality MeSH
- kefalometrie metody MeSH
- kraniosynostózy * MeSH
- lebka abnormality patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
Besides being responsible for olfaction and air intake, the nose contains abundant vasculature and autonomic nervous system innervations, and it is a cerebrospinal fluid clearance site. Therefore, the nose is an attractive target for functional MRI (fMRI). Yet, nose fMRI has not been possible so far due to signal losses originating from nasal air-tissue interfaces. Here, we demonstrated feasibility of nose fMRI by using novel ultrashort/zero echo time (TE) MRI. Results obtained in the resting-state from 13 healthy participants at 7T and in 5 awake mice at 9.4T revealed a highly reproducible resting-state nose functional network that likely reflects autonomic nervous system activity. Another network observed in humans involves the nose, major brain vessels and CSF spaces, presenting a temporal dynamic that correlates with heart rate and breathing rate. These resting-state nose functional signals should help elucidate peripheral and central nervous system integrations.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nos * fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- odpočinek fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- azathioprin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fluorescenční protilátková technika přímá MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neúspěšná terapie MeSH
- pemfigus * diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- rituximab * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- ústa patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
