Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devastating intestinal diseases observed in preterm in the first days of life. Researchers have recently focused on potential predictive biomarkers for early and concomitant diagnoses. Thus, we inquired about the linkage of intestinal dysbiosis, one of the most important factors in NEC development to the gut microbiota. In this study, the systematic differences in the bacterial composition between neonates affected by NEC and healthy newborns were highlighted by metagenomic analysis. The next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene and gene-specific qPCR analyzed the untargeted gut microbiota. Total bacteria, total and fecal coliform loads in stool samples with NEC were higher than control. OTU-level relative abundances of NEC infant was characterized by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at phylum levels. At the genus level, NEC stool was identified by the lack of Klebsiella and the presence of Roseburia, Blautia, and Parasutterella. Finally, Clostridium fessum was the predominant species of Clostridium genus in disease and healthy specimens at the species level, whereas Clostridium jeddahitimonense was at NEC diagnosis. Despite a strong relationship between pathophysiology and characterization of gut microbiota at a clinical diagnosis of NEC, our results emphasize the broad difficulty in identifying potential biomarkers.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- dysbióza mikrobiologie MeSH
- feces * mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metagenomika MeSH
- nekrotizující enterokolitida * mikrobiologie MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fructobacillus, a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium, belongs to the fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) group. The group's name originates from fructose, the favored carbon source for its members. Fructobacillus spp. are noteworthy for their distinctive traits, captivating the interest of scientists. However, there have been relatively few publications regarding the isolation and potential utilization of these microorganisms in the industry. In recent years, F. tropaeoli has garnered interest for its promising role in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, although the availability of isolates is rather limited. A more comprehensive understanding of Fructobacillus is imperative to evaluate their functionality in the industry, given their unique and exceptional properties. Our in vitro study on Fructobacillus tropaeoli KKP 3032 confirmed its fructophilic nature and high osmotolerance. This strain thrives in a 30% sugar concentration, shows resistance to low pH and bile salts, and exhibits robust autoaggregation. Additionally, it displays significant antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. Evaluating its probiotic potential, it aligns with EFSA recommendations in antibiotic resistance, except for kanamycin, to which it is resistant. Further research is necessary, but preliminary analyses confirm the high probiotic potential of F. tropaeoli KKP 3032 and its ability to thrive in the presence of high concentrations of fructose. The results indicate that the isolate F. tropaeoli KKP 3032 could potentially be used in the future as a fructophilic probiotic, protective culture, and/or active ingredient in fructose-rich food.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- fruktosa metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- ovocné a zeleninové šťávy * mikrobiologie MeSH
- pomerančovník čínský mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- probiotika * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Rare and unknown actinobacteria from unexplored environments have the potential to produce new bioactive molecules. This study aimed to use 16 s rRNA metabarcoding to determine the composition of the actinobacterial community, particularly focusing on rare and undescribed species, in a nature reserve within the Brazilian Cerrado called Sete Cidades National Park. Since this is an inaccessible area without due legal authorization, it is understudied, and, therefore, its diversity and biotechnological potential are not yet fully understood, and it may harbor species with groundbreaking genetic potential. In total, 543 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across 14 phyla were detected, with Actinobacteria (41.2%), Proteobacteria (26.5%), and Acidobacteria (14.3%) being the most abundant. Within Actinobacteria, 107 OTUs were found, primarily from the families Mycobacteriaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, and Streptomycetaceae. Mycobacterium and Streptomyces were the predominant genera across all samples. Seventeen rare OTUs with relative abundance < 0.1% were identified, with 82.3% found in only one sample yet 25.5% detected in all units. Notable rare and transient genera included Salinibacterium, Nocardia, Actinomycetospora_01, Saccharopolyspora, Sporichthya, and Nonomuraea. The high diversity and distribution of Actinobacteria OTUs indicate the area's potential for discovering new rare species. Intensified prospection on underexplored environments and characterization of their actinobacterial diversity could lead to the discovery of new species capable of generating innovative natural products.
- MeSH
- Actinobacteria * chemie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- metagenom MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza MeSH
- taxonomické DNA čárové kódování MeSH
- veřejné parky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Brazílie MeSH
Oral microorganisms are closely related to oral health, the occurrence of some oral diseases is associated with changes in the oral microbiota, and many studies have demonstrated that traditional smoking can affect the oral microbial community. However, due to the short time since the emergence of e-cigarettes, fewer studies are comparing oral microorganisms for users of e-cigarettes versus cigarettes. We collected saliva from 40 non-smokers (NS), 46 traditional cigarette smokers (TS), and 27 e-cigarette consumers (EC), aged between 18 and 35 years. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the saliva samples collected to study the effects of e-cigarettes versus traditional cigarettes on the oral microbiome. The results showed that compared with the NS group, the alpha diversity of oral flora in saliva was altered in the TS group, with no significant change in the e-cigarette group. Compared with the NS and EC groups, the relative abundance of Actinomyces and Prevotella was increased in the TS group. However, compared with the NS and TS groups, the relative abundance of Veillonella was increased, and the relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus was decreased in the EC group. These results showed that both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes could alter the structure and composition of oral microbiota. The use of traditional cigarettes promotes the growth of some anaerobic bacteria, which may contribute to dental decay and bad breath over time. E-cigarettes have a different effect on the structure and composition of the oral microbial community compared to conventional cigarettes. In order to better understand the effects of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes on users' mouths, future studies will investigate the relationship between diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis and changes in oral microbial species levels.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace izolace a purifikace genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kuřáci * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- sliny * mikrobiologie MeSH
- systémy dodávající nikotin elektronicky MeSH
- tabákové výrobky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- ústa * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Halophilic bacteria are extremophiles that thrive in saline environment. Their ability to withstand such harsh conditions makes them an ideal choice for industrial applications such as lignocellulosic biomass degradation. In this study, a halophilic bacterium with the ability to produce extracellular cellulases and hemicellulases, designated as Nesterenkonia sp. CL21, was isolated from mangrove sediment in Tanjung Piai National Park, Malaysia. Thus far, studies on lignocellulolytic enzymes concerning bacterial species under this genus are limited. To gain a comprehensive understanding of its lignocellulose-degrading potential, the whole genome was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The genome of strain CL21 was assembled into 25 contigs with 3,744,449 bp and a 69.74% GC content and was predicted to contain 3,348 coding genes. Based on taxonomy analysis, strain CL21 shares 73.8 to 82.0% average nucleotide identity with its neighbouring species, below the 95% threshold, indicating its possible status as a distinct species in Nesterenkonia genus. Through in-depth genomic mining, a total of 81 carbohydrate-active enzymes were encoded. Among these, 24 encoded genes were identified to encompass diverse cellulases (GH3), xylanases (GH10, GH11, GH43, GH51, GH127 and CE4), mannanases (GH38 and GH106) and pectinases (PL1, PL9, and PL11). The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes was tested in the presence of several substrates. This study revealed that strain CL21 can produce a diverse array of enzymes which are active at different time points. By combining experimental data with genomic information, the ability of strain CL21 to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes has been elucidated, with potential applications in biorefinery industry.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- celulasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genom bakteriální * MeSH
- genomika * MeSH
- geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie MeSH
- glykosidhydrolasy * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lignin * metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- zastoupení bazí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Obesity is considered an important factor contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Inflammation plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction (ED), an initial stage of the atherosclerotic process. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the inflammatory process, but there is a lack of information about their participation in the early stages of atherosclerosis development in patients with obesity. We aimed to assess the relations between plasma concentration of selected miRNAs, ED evaluated by reactive hyperemia index (RHI), inflammatory markers and other factors involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults with obesity. Participants (30 males, 30 females; aged 15 25 years) were divided into two groups: those with overweight/obesity (OW/O) (20 males, 20 females) and controls (C) (10 males, 10 females). The plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, cytokines, adipocytokines, markers of lipid profile and glucose metabolism and selected miRNAs (miR 92, 126, -146a, -155) were analyzed. No significant differences in any of the miRNAs were found between the groups. MiR-146a correlated positively with RHI. Dividing the group by sex showed more significant associations between miRNA and analyzed parameters (IL-6, fasting glycemia) in men. Several observed correlations indicate a potential role of miRNAs in inflammation, the atherosclerotic process and glycemic control, primarily in male subjects with obesity. The relatively low number of observed associations between assessed parameters related to obesity and the pathogenesis of its complications could be attributed to the early stage of the atherosclerotic process in young subjects with obesity, where only subtle abnormalities are expectedly found. Key words Endothelial dysfunction, Atherosclerosis, Obesity, MicroRNA, Reactive hyperemia index.
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza * krev genetika MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- cirkulující mikroRNA * krev genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obezita * krev komplikace genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with significant cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infection and pulmonary embolism. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the myocardium of the left ventricle and the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in deceased COVID-19 patients. We conducted a post-mortem examination on 91 individuals who succumbed to COVID-19-related complications. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the myocardium of the left ventricle was analyzed reverse transcription real time PCR (RT-qPCR) (EliGene® COVID19 UKV/SAV RT kit, Elisabeth Pharmacon), and antibody levels in serum were analyzed by serological assays (VIDAS SARS-COV-2 IgM and VIDAS SARS-COV-2 IgG II tests, BioMérieux). Of the heart tissue samples, 44 % tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Our findings indicate that any detectable level of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of viral penetration into the myocardium by more than fourfold. Specifically, individuals with detectable levels of IgG and IgM antibodies exhibited a significantly reduced presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cardiac tissues (p<0.0001 for IgG and p<0.001 for IgM). Notably, all patients who died from pulmonary embolism had elevated levels of IgG antibodies. The study underscores the protective role of IgG and IgM antibodies in preventing SARS-CoV-2 penetration into cardiac tissues. However, high antibody titers were associated with fatal outcomes such as pulmonary embolism, pointing to the intricate balance of immune response in COVID-19 pathology. Key words SARS-CoV-2, Antibody, IgG, IgM, Cardiac damage, qPCR, Pneumonia, Pulmonary embolism, Heart failure.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * imunologie virologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoglobulin G * krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin M * krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myokard * imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- protilátky virové * krev MeSH
- RNA virová krev MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Karcinom prostaty je jedním z nejčastějších onkologických onemocnění mužů ve světě. Diagnostika a stratifikace pacientů jsou klíčové pro zajištění včasné a adekvátní terapie. Současné standardy se opírají převážně o PSA, jehož nádorová specificita je limitována. Tento přehled se zaměřuje na neinvazivní potenciální onkomarkery získané z moči včetně oxidačního stresu, metabolomiky a analýzy nukleových kyselin. V rámci některých studií se ukazuje, že zvýšené hladiny markerů jako F2-isoprostanáza, sarcosin a PCA3 mohou indikovat přítomnost a agresivitu karcinomu prostaty. Nové kombinované testy Prostarix, Mi-Prostate Score, SelectMDX nebo ExoDX nabízejí potenciál pro zlepšení stratifikace pacientů a snížení počtu negativních biopsií. Klinické využití těchto nových markerů je zatím omezené. Vzhledem k heterogenitě tohoto onemocnění je nezbytné pokračovat ve výzkumu, který usnadní personalizovaný přístup v léčbě.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases among men worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and patient stratification are crucial for ensuring timely and appropriate therapy. Current standards primarily rely on PSA, whose tumor specificity is limited. This review focuses on non-invasive potential oncological markers derived from urine, including oxidative stress, metabolomics and nucleic acid analysis. Some studies indicate that elevated levels of markers such as F2-isoprostane, sarcosine or PCA3 may signify the presence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer. New combined tests Prostarix, Mi-Prostate Score, SelectMDX and ExoDX offer potential for improved diagnosis and patient stratification, as well as a reduction in negative biopsies. However, the clinical application of these new markers remains limited. Considering the heterogeneity of this disease, ongoing research is essential to support a personalized approach to treatment.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny moč MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru metody MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
- exozómy fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolomika metody MeSH
- mikro RNA moč MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * moč MeSH
- nádory prostaty * diagnóza MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- prostatický specifický antigen krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is essential for correct functioning of innate immune responses. The ADAR1p110 isoform is mainly nuclear and ADAR1p150, which is interferon (IFN) inducible, is predominately cytoplasmic. Using three different methods - co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of endogenous ADAR1, Strep-tag co-IP and BioID with individual ADAR1 isoforms - a comprehensive interactome was generated during both homeostasis and the IFN response. Both known and novel interactors as well as editing regulators were identified. Nuclear proteins were detected as stable interactors with both ADAR1 isoforms. In contrast, BioID identified distinct protein networks for each ADAR1 isoform, with nuclear components observed with ADAR1p110 and components of cytoplasmic cellular condensates with ADAR1p150. RNase A digestion distinguished between distal and proximal interactors, as did a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding mutant of ADAR1 which demonstrated the importance of dsRNA binding for ADAR1 interactions. IFN treatment did not affect the core ADAR1 interactomes but resulted in novel interactions, the majority of which are proximal interactions retained after RNase A treatment. Short treatment with high molecular weight poly(I:C) during the IFN response resulted in dsRNA-binding-dependent changes in the proximal protein network of ADAR1p110 and association of the ADAR1p150 proximal protein network with some components of antiviral stress granules.
- MeSH
- adenosindeaminasa * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- buněčné jádro * metabolismus MeSH
- cytoplazma * metabolismus MeSH
- dvouvláknová RNA metabolismus genetika MeSH
- editace RNA MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- interferony metabolismus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapy interakcí proteinů MeSH
- poly I-C farmakologie MeSH
- protein - isoformy * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- proteiny vázající RNA * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
