Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in carcinogenesis. However, the specific role of 5hmC in osteosarcoma (OS) remains largely unexplored. The-re-fore, this study aimed to investigate the function of 5hmC and TET3 in OS. In this study, we found a decreased total level of 5hmC in OS tissues. The expression of the TET3 protein was also decreased in OS. Importantly, the decreased levels of TET3 were associated with a decreased disease-free survival (DFS) rate in patients. To investigate the role of TET3 and 5hmC in OS, we manipulated the levels of TET3 in MG-63 cells. Silencing TET3 in these cells resulted in a twofold increase in proliferation. Additio-nally, the level of 5hmC decreased in these cells. Con-versely, over-expression of TET3 in MG-63 cells led to the expected inhibition of proliferation and invasion, accompanied by an increase in 5hmC levels. In conclusion, both 5hmC and TET3 protein levels were decreased in OS. Additionally, the over-expression of TET3 inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells, while the suppression of TET3 had the opposite effect. These findings suggest that decreased levels of 5hmC and TET3 may serve as potential markers for OS.

• MeSH
• 5-methylcytosin * analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• demetylace DNA * MeSH
• dioxygenasy * metabolismus   MeSH
• epigeneze genetická * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory kostí genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• osteosarkom genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk * MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Appropriate classification of fusion-driven bone and soft tissue neoplasms continues to evolve, often relying on the careful integration of morphologic findings with immunohistochemical, molecular, and clinical data. Herein, we present 3 cases of a morphologically distinct myxoid mesenchymal neoplasm with myogenic differentiation and novel CRTC1::MRTFB (formerly MKL2) gene fusion. Three tumors occurred in 1 male and 2 female patients with a median age of 72 years (range: 28-78). Tumors involved the left iliac bone, the right thigh, and the left perianal region with a median size of 4.0 cm (4.0-7.6 cm). Although 1 tumor presented as an incidental finding, the other 2 tumors were noted, given their persistent growth. At the time of the last follow-up, 1 patient was alive with unresected disease at 6 months, 1 patient was alive without evidence of disease at 12 months after surgery, and 1 patient died of disease 24 months after diagnosis. On histologic sections, the tumors showed multinodular growth and were composed of variably cellular spindle to round-shaped cells with distinct brightly eosinophilic cytoplasm embedded within a myxoid stroma. One tumor showed overt smooth muscle differentiation. Cytologic atypia and mitotic activity ranged from minimal (2 cases) to high (1 case). By immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells expressed focal smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and desmin in all tested cases. Skeletal muscle markers were negative. Next-generation sequencing detected nearly identical CRTC1::MRTFB gene fusions in all cases. We suggest that myxoid mesenchymal tumors with myogenic differentiation harboring a CRTC1::MRTFB fusion may represent a previously unrecognized, distinctive entity that involves soft tissue and bone. Continued identification of these novel myxoid neoplasms with myogenic differentiation will be important in determining appropriate classification, understanding biologic potential, and creating treatment paradigms.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fúze genů MeSH
• fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   analýza   MeSH
• nádory kostí * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádory měkkých tkání * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• trans-aktivátory genetika   MeSH
• transkripční faktory * genetika   MeSH
• vývoj svalů genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

We aimed to explore the development and cell communication of osteoblasts and osteoclasts with aneuploidy variation in giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB). We predicted the diploid and aneuploid cells in tissue samples using the CopyKAT package. The Monocle2 package was used to analyse differentiation trajectories of aneuploid cells. We used the CellChat package to observe the signalling pathways and ligand-receptor pairs for the two interaction types, "Cell-Cell Contact" and "Secreted Signalling", respectively. A total of 9,117 cells were obtained including eight cell types. Most aneuploid cells were osteoblasts. As the cell differentiation trajectory matured, we found that aneuploid osteoblasts first increased the inflammatory response activity and then enhanced the ability to activate T cells, whereas osteoclasts gradually enhanced the cellular energy metabolism, cell adhesion, cell proliferation and immune response; the activated biological functions were gradually weakened. The analysis by CellChat indicated that CTLA4 or TIGIT might act as important immune checkpoint genes to attenuate the inhibitory effect of aneuploid osteoclasts on NK/T cells, thereby enhancing the activity of NK/T cells. Our study found that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts might be involved in the development of GCTB, which may provide a new direction for the treatment of GCTB.

• MeSH
• analýza jednotlivých buněk * MeSH
• aneuploidie * MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace * genetika   MeSH
• nádory kostí genetika   patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• obrovskobuněčný nádor kosti * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• osteoblasty * metabolismus   MeSH
• osteoklasty * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza RNA metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm is a term proposed for tumors with a spectrum of morphologic features, including cartilage/chondroid matrix formation, that frequently harbor FN1 gene fusions. We report a series of 33 cases of putative calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms, mostly referred for expert consultation out of concern for malignancy. Patients included 17 males and 16 females, with a mean age of 51.3 years. Anatomic locations include the hands and fingers, feet and toes, head and neck, and temporomandibular joint; 1 patient presented with multifocal disease. Radiologic review showed soft tissue masses with variable internal calcification, which occasionally scalloped bone but in all cases appeared indolent/benign. Tumors had a mean gross size of 2.1 cm and a homogenous rubbery to fibrous/gritty tan-white cut surface. Histology demonstrated multinodular architecture with a prominent chondroid matrix and increased cellularity towards the periphery of the nodules. The tumor cells were polygonal with eccentric nuclei and bland cytologic features and showed a variable amount of increased spindled / fibroblastic forms in the perinodular septa. The majority of cases had notable grungy and/or lacy calcifications. A subset of cases demonstrated at least focal areas of increased cellularity and osteoclast-like giant cells. Herein, we confirm the distinct morphologic and clinicopathologic features associated with this entity with the largest series to date, with a focus on practical diagnostic separation from similar chondroid neoplasms. Awareness of these features is critical in avoiding pitfalls, including a malignant diagnosis of chondrosarcoma.

• MeSH
• chondrosarkom * patologie   MeSH
• chrupavka patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory kostí * diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádory z pojivové a měkké tkáně * diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   MeSH
• prsty nohy patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Primary sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) of bone is a rare and scarcely reported neoplasm. We document clinicopathological and molecular features of 9 additional cases. Five males and 4 females had a mean age of 39 years (14-71 years). Most tumors affected flat/irregular bones; only 3 cases involved a long bone. By radiology, it has characteristic radiographic features of a predominantly lytic expansile lesion with a sclerotic rim. Referring diagnoses were SEF (n = 2), low-grade osteosarcoma (n = 2), chondrosarcoma (n = 1), and chondromyxoid fibroma (n = 1). Histologically, five cases revealed classical morphology of SEF of soft tissue. Remaining cases were classified as hybrid SEF/low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, characterized by spindle or stellate cells, prominent stroma, and giant hyalinized areas. Various morphological deviations such as prominent vasculature (n = 3), osteoid-like material (n = 4), or parallel bone trabeculae (n = 2) were observed. Immunohistochemically, all cases showed diffuse and strong MUC4 expression. SATB2 was observed in 5/8 cases. Using FISH, EWSR1, and FUS rearrangements were detected in 4 cases and 1 case, respectively. EWSR1-CREB3L1 fusion was identified in 1 additional case by next-generation sequencing. Recurrence and metastasis were observed in 1 case and 2 cases, respectively. All but one patient were alive with disease for a mean interval of 31 months. SEF of bone is a relatively indolent sarcoma of adults, most commonly located in the flat/irregular bones. Due to overlapping histological features, it is often misdiagnosed as osteosarcoma or a chondroid tumor. Most SEF of bone exhibit EWSR1 rearrangements, but rare cases may harbor a FUS gene fusion.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fibrosarkom diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• genová přestavba MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory kostí diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• vazebné proteiny DNA v oblastech připojení k matrix metabolismus   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, cells activate DNA damage response (DDR) that coordinates DNA repair with a temporal arrest in the cell cycle progression. DDR is triggered by activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinases that phosphorylate multiple targets including tumor suppressor protein tumor suppressor p53 (p53). In addition, DNA damage can activate parallel stress response pathways [such as mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 alpha (p38)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) kinases] contributing to establishing the cell cycle arrest. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) controls timely inactivation of DDR and is needed for recovery from the G2 checkpoint by counteracting the function of p53. Here, we developed a simple in vitro assay for testing WIP1 substrates in nuclear extracts. Whereas we did not detect any activity of WIP1 toward p38/MK2, we confirmed p53 as a substrate of WIP1. Inhibition or inactivation of WIP1 in U2OS cells increased phosphorylation of p53 at S15 and potentiated its acetylation at K382. Further, we identified Deleted in breast cancer gene 1 (DBC1) as a new substrate of WIP1 but surprisingly, depletion of DBC1 did not interfere with the ability of WIP1 to regulate p53 acetylation. Instead, we have found that WIP1 activity suppresses p53-K382 acetylation by inhibiting the interaction between p53 and the acetyltransferase p300. Newly established phosphatase assay allows an easy comparison of WIP1 ability to dephosphorylate various proteins and thus contributes to identification of its physiological substrates.

• MeSH
• acetylace MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biotest metody   MeSH
• buněčné jádro genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• interakční proteinové domény a motivy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory kostí genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• oprava DNA MeSH
• osteosarkom genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• proteinfosfatasa 2C genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

INTRODUCTION: In an earlier report of the ASCEND-8 study (open-label, phase I, three-arm study, treatment-naive patients and pre-treated patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC), it was shown that ceritinib 450 mg with food had comparable exposure and better gastrointestinal tolerability than 750-mg fasted. METHODS: Here, we report efficacy and updated safety data from primary efficacy analysis of the ASCEND-8 study. Key secondary endpoints were overall response rate and duration of response, assessed by blinded independent review committee (BIRC) using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. RESULTS: In total, 306 patients were randomized to ceritinib 450-mg fed (n = 108) or 600-mg fed (n = 87) or 750-mg fasted (n = 111), of which 304 patients were included in safety analysis and 198 treatment-naive patients (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase [ALK]-positive by immunohistochemistry) were included in the efficacy analysis (450-mg fed [n = 73], 600-mg fed [n = 51], and 750-mg fasted [n = 74]). The BIRC-assessed overall response rate was 78.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.9-86.9), 72.5% (95% CI: 58.3-84.1), and 75.7% (95% CI: 64.3-84.9), respectively; and the median duration of response (months) by BIRC was not estimable (NE) (95% CI: 11.2-NE), 20.7 (95% CI: 15.8-NE), and 15.4 (95% CI: 8.3-NE), respectively. Based on the safety analysis (n = 304), the 450-mg fed arm showed the highest median relative dose intensity (100% versus 78.5% versus 83.7%), lowest proportion of patients with dose reductions (24.1% versus 65.1% versus 60.9%), and lowest proportion of patients with gastrointestinal toxicities (75.9% versus 82.6% versus 91.8%). CONCLUSION: Ceritinib at a dose of 450 mg with food compared to 750-mg fasted showed consistent efficacy and less gastrointestinal toxicity.

• MeSH
• anaplastická lymfomová kináza genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genová přestavba MeSH
• kritéria léčebné odpovědi MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maximální tolerovaná dávka MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory jater farmakoterapie   genetika   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory kostí farmakoterapie   genetika   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory mozku farmakoterapie   genetika   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory plic farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemalobuněčný karcinom plic farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy * MeSH
• potraviny * MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• protinádorové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• pyrimidiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sulfony terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze I MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Repair of damaged DNA is essential for maintaining genomic stability. TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) plays an important role in repair of the DNA double-strand breaks. Nuclear localisation of 53BP1 depends on importin β and nucleoporin 153, but the type and location of 53BP1 nuclear localisation signal (NLS) have yet to be determined. RESULTS: Here, we show that nuclear import of 53BP1 depends on two basic regions, namely 1667-KRK-1669 and 1681-KRGRK-1685, which are both needed for importin binding. Lysine 1667 is essential for interaction with importin and its substitution to arginine reduced nuclear localisation of 53BP1. Furthermore, we have found that CDK1-dependent phosphorylation of 53BP1 at S1678 impairs importin binding during mitosis. Phosphorylation-mimicking mutant S1678D showed reduced nuclear localisation, suggesting that phosphorylation of the NLS interferes with nuclear import of the 53BP1 CONCLUSIONS: We show that 53BP1 contains a classical bipartite NLS 1666-GKRKLITSEEERSPAKRGRKS-1686, which enables the importin-mediated nuclear transport of 53BP1. Additionally, we found that posttranslational modification within the NLS region can regulate 53BP1 nuclear import. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that integrity of the NLS is important for 53BP1 nuclear localisation. Precise mapping of the NLS will facilitate further studies on the effect of posttranslational modifications and somatic mutations on the nuclear localisation 53BP1 and DNA repair.

• MeSH
• 53BP1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• aktivní transport - buněčné jádro MeSH
• arginin chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné jádro genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• jaderné lokalizační signály * MeSH
• karyoferiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lysin chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
• nádory kostí genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• osteosarkom genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Popisováno je pět případů periostálního osteosarkomu dětí a mladých dospělých ve věku 9 - 23 let (průměr 15 let) uložených čtyřikrát ve femuru a jednou v tibii; velikost byla 6 - 18 cm (průměr 7 cm). Sledování čtyř nemocných v intervalu 11 - 73 měsíců ukázalo u 9leté dívky za 15 měsíců metastázu do pánve s následnou rychlou generalizací do plic a úmrtím a u 15letého chlapce zjistilo za 13 měsíců metastázu do humeru; v prvním případě nádor prorůstal do dřeňové dutiny a u obou byla aplikována chemoterapie. Nepřehlédnutelná podobnost nádorů spočívala jednak ve strukturální kompozici dominujících chondromatózních partií a blandního málobuněčného mezenchymálního stromatu, jednak ve způsobu produkce delikátní osteoidní matrix. Na rozdíl od evidentních atypií osteoblastů konvenčního osteosarkomu zde nenápadná depozita osteoidu ukládalo zdánlivě nevinné, myxoidní stroma mimo chrupavčité oblasti. Inverzní exprese SATB2 a S100 proteinu resp. D2-40 ozřejmila nejen pravou histogenetickou orientaci nádorů, ale umožnila odlišit i rozdílnou diferenciaci těžce kalcifikovaných, obdobně vypadajících extracelulárních hmot. Molekulární analýza čtyř případů neprokázala mutaci genů izocitrát dehydrogenázy 1 a 2. Vzácný periostální osteosarkom, zejména když prorůstá do dřeňové dutiny, je bez ohledu na unikátní low-grade morfologii podobně agresívní jako konvenční (chondroplastický) osteosarkom a nutno jej intenzívně léčit. Klíčová slova: periostální osteosarkom - chondroplastický osteosarkom - SATB2 - izocitrát dehydrogenáza

The authors present five cases of periosteal osteosarcoma located in the femur (4) and tibia (1) in children and young adults (1 female and 4 males) with an age range of 9 - 23 years (mean age 15 years). Radiographs in all cases showed a broad-based soft tissue mass attached to the cortex with periosteal reaction and in two of them cortical disruption with extensive medullary involvement. Follow-ups were available in four cases (range 11 - 73 months) and revealed pelvic metastasis after 15 months with ultimately rapid dissemination and death in a 9-year-old girl and metastasis to the humerus after 13 months in a 15-year-old boy. The former tumor widely extended into the medullary cavity and an amputation was carried out, the latter had a pure juxtacortical position and an en block resection was performed; both of them were treated with chemotherapy. All the lesions displayed distinctive structural patterns combining a large island of tumorous cartilage and hypocellular, bland-looking myxoid mesenchymal stroma with abrupt transition between both components. Contrary to conventional osteosarcoma, the delicate flocculent osteoid deposits were produced by innocuous stromal cells lacking apparent atypia. They were strictly situated outside the prevailing chondroid areas and disclosed sometimes only after a meticulous search. Immunohistochemical detection of SATB2, S100protein and D2-40 assisted effectively not only in recognition of the real stromal histogenetic derivation, but also in distinction of true differentiation of a heavily mineralized extracellular matrix. Molecular analysis revealed no IDH1/2 mutation in four examined cases. Regardless of unique low-grade morphology in rare periosteal osteosarcoma, an aggressive therapeutical approach similar to conventional osteosarcoma is justified, particularly in the case of a medullary extension. Keywords: bone - periosteal osteosarcoma - chondroplastic osteosarcoma - SATB2 - isocitrate dehydrogenase

• Klíčová slova
• chondroplastický osteosarkom, SATB2, izocitrát dehydrogenáza,
• MeSH
• chondrosarkom diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• femur patologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• isocitrátdehydrogenasa genetika   MeSH
• juxtakortikální osteosarkom * diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory kostí diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• tibie patologie   MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• vazebné proteiny DNA v oblastech připojení k matrix genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Although methotrexate (MTX) is the most well-known antifolate included in many standard therapeutic regimens, substantial toxicity limits its wider use, particularly in pediatric oncology. Our study focused on a detailed analysis of MTX effects in cell lines derived from two types of pediatric solid tumors: medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma. The main aim of this study was to analyze the effects of treatment with MTX at concentrations comparable to MTX plasma levels in patients treated with high-dose or low-dose MTX. The results showed that treatment with MTX significantly decreased proliferation activity, inhibited the cell cycle at S-phase and induced apoptosis in Daoy and Saos-2 reference cell lines, which were found to be MTX-sensitive. Furthermore, no difference in these effects was observed following treatment with various doses of MTX ranging from 1 to 40 µM. These findings suggest the possibility of achieving the same outcome with the application of low-dose MTX, an extremely important result, particularly for clinical practice. Another important aspect of treatment with high-dose MTX in clinical practice is the administration of leucovorin (LV) as an antidote to reduce MTX toxicity in normal cells. For this reason, the combined application of MTX and LV was also included in our experiments; however, this application of MTX together with LV did not elicit any detectable effect. The expression analysis of genes involved in the mechanisms of resistance to MTX was a final component of our study, and the results helped us to elucidate the mechanisms of the various responses to MTX among the cell lines included in our study.

• MeSH
• antagonisté kyseliny listové aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• chemorezistence genetika   MeSH
• dihydrofolátreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meduloblastom * enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• methotrexát aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory kostí * enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• nádory mozečku * enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• osteosarkom * enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH