INTRODUCTION: Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, are underestimated in their role in the immune system. In mammals, erythrocytes undergo maturation that involves the loss of nuclei, resulting in limited transcription and protein synthesis capabilities. However, the nucleated nature of non-mammalian RBCs is challenging this conventional understanding of RBCs. Notably, in bony fishes, research indicates that RBCs are not only susceptible to pathogen attacks but express immune receptors and effector molecules. However, given the abundance of RBCs and their interaction with every physiological system, we postulate that they act in surveillance as sentinels, rapid responders, and messengers. METHODS: We performed a series of in vitro experiments with Cyprinus carpio RBCs exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila, as well as in vivo laboratory infections using different concentrations of bacteria. RESULTS: qPCR revealed that RBCs express genes of several inflammatory cytokines. Using cyprinid-specific antibodies, we confirmed that RBCs secreted tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ). In contrast to these indirect immune mechanisms, we observed that RBCs produce reactive oxygen species and, through transmission electron and confocal microscopy, that RBCs can engulf particles. Finally, RBCs expressed and upregulated several putative toll-like receptors, including tlr4 and tlr9, in response to A. hydrophila infection in vivo. DISCUSSION: Overall, the RBC repertoire of pattern recognition receptors, their secretion of effector molecules, and their swift response make them immune sentinels capable of rapidly detecting and signaling the presence of foreign pathogens. By studying the interaction between a bacterium and erythrocytes, we provide novel insights into how the latter may contribute to overall innate and adaptive immune responses of teleost fishes.
- Klíčová slova
- Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), Cyprinus carpio, bacteria, cytokines, engulfment, inflammation, red blood cell (RBC), teleost fish,
- MeSH
- Aeromonas hydrophila * imunologie MeSH
- cytokiny * metabolismus imunologie MeSH
- erytrocyty * imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- fagocytóza imunologie MeSH
- gramnegativní bakteriální infekce * imunologie MeSH
- kapři * imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb * imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- PAMP struktury imunologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cytokiny * MeSH
- PAMP struktury MeSH
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare but often debilitating disease which may lead to death in up to 35% of patients within 5 years if unrecognized and untreated. Detection of PNH and assessment of PNH clone size in RBC and WBC lineages by flow cytometric analysis has increased in importance due to the availability of novel therapies. These therapies typically block the hemolysis of red blood cells and thus significantly lower the morbidities and mortality associated with this disease. This chapter describes validated, state-of-the-art, high-sensitivity flow cytometric methodologies based on latest published testing guidelines for PNH.
- Klíčová slova
- Aplastic anemia (AA), CD59, FLAER, Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH),
- MeSH
- antigeny CD59 imunologie MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- imunofenotypizace metody MeSH
- leukocyty imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paroxysmální hemoglobinurie krev imunologie MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD59 MeSH
The effect of 20 fatty acids in erythrocyte cell membranes on the extent of inflammatory response and cell oxidative stress was evaluated using multidimensional statistical data analysis in 54 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary stent implantation using multidimensional statistical data analysis. A systemic inflammatory response was indicated by an increase of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and ceruloplasmin 48 h after stent implantation and by an increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) 24 h after intervention. The increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) after 48 h was used as a marker of cell damage by oxidative stress. Multiple linear regression revealed statistically significant relationships between concentration of some fatty acids and the magnitude of inflammatory response, or oxidative stress, after stent implantation. The most significant relationship with an increase of plasma CRP was found for myristic acid and, to a lesser extent, for oleic acid. Trans octadecenoic acid, and to a lesser extent palmitooleic and nervonic fatty acids were found in inverse correlation with the CRP increase. The increase of IL-6 showed a statistically significant correlation with myristic acid, to a lesser extent with cis-9-eicosenoic acid and to the least extent with docosahexaenoic acid, inversely with pentadecanoic, γ-linolenic and stearic acids. An increase of oxidative stress (MDA) significantly correlated only with γ-linolenic acid. Other studied markers of inflammatory response to coronary stenting were SAA and ceruloplasmin (Cp). Statistical evaluation revealed that SAA and Cp are not suitable markers for assessment relationships between inflammation and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids.
- Klíčová slova
- C-reactive protein, Coronary stent implantation, Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids, Interleukin-6, Myristic acid, Oxidative stress, Systemic inflammation,
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- erytrocytární membrána imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- interleukin-6 krev MeSH
- koronární angioplastika * MeSH
- koronární stenóza krev imunologie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres imunologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sérový amyloid A analýza MeSH
- stenty * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein MeSH
- IL6 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- interleukin-6 MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- sérový amyloid A MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alloimmune antibodies against red-blood-cell (RBC) antigens induced in susceptible individuals (responders) by transfusion, pregnancy or transplantation may have serious clinical consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate association of alloimmunization against selected RBC antigens with HLA-Class II. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 230 responders (106 monoresponders and 124 multiresponders) were enrolled into the study. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 variants were determined by PCR-SSO and their frequencies compared between the patients (patient subgroups) and 375 ethnically and regionally matched controls. RESULTS: Development of multiple RBC antibodies was associated with HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DQB1*06 allelic groups in the patients, with the relationship being particularly apparent in those with anti-C+D antibodies. Furthermore, DRB1*13 and DQB1*06 were more frequent in multiresponders with anti-E+c antibodies and DRB1*03 and DQB1*02 in those with anti-E+Cw. CONCLUSION: For the first time, we confirmed the association of HLA-DRB1*15 with RBC antibody multiresponder status and found HLA-Class II associations for three frequent RBC antibody combinations. Our data support the concept that HLA restriction plays an important role in the response to RBC alloantigens.
- Klíčová slova
- HLA, red-blood-cell antigens and antibodies, transfusion medicine (in general),
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- frekvence genu MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- HLA-DQ beta řetězec genetika imunologie MeSH
- HLA-DRB1 řetězec genetika imunologie MeSH
- isoprotilátky krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- HLA-DQ beta řetězec MeSH
- HLA-DQB1 antigen MeSH Prohlížeč
- HLA-DRB1 řetězec MeSH
- isoprotilátky MeSH
AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess the incidence of spontaneous antepartal RhD alloimmunization in RhD negative pregnant women with an RhD positive fetus. DESIGN: Clinical study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School and University Hospital Olomouc. METHODS: A total of 906 RhD negative women with an RhD positive fetus and without the presence of anti-Dalloantibodies at the beginning of pregnancy were examined. Always it was a singleton pregnancy, RhD blood group of the pregnant women was assessed in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, RhD status of the fetus was determined after delivery. Screening for irregular antierythrocyte antibodies was performed in all women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, at 28-32 weeks gestation and immediately prior to delivery at 38-42 weeks gestation. Screening for irregular antierythrocyte antibodies was performed also at 6 months following delivery in all cases of positive antibodies before delivery. Antibody screening was performed using the indirect antiglobulin (LISS/NAT) and enzyme (papain) test with their subsequent identification using a panel of reference erythrocytes by column agglutination method Dia-Med. After delivery, the volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage was assesed in all RhD negative women and RhD alloimmunization prophylaxis was performed by administering the necessary IgG anti-D dose; none of the women were administered IgG anti-D antepartally. RESULTS: During screening for irregular antierythrocyte antibodies at 28-32 weeks gestation, anti-D alloantibodies were diagnosed in 0.2% of the women (2/906); immediately prior to the delivery at 38-42 weeks gestation, anti-D alloantibodies were diagnosed in 2.3% of the women (21/906) and repeatedly even at 6 months following delivery (21/157). In 82.7% of the women (749/906), examination at 6 months following delivery was not performed, therefore in these women spontaneous antepartal RhD alloimmunization cannot reliably be ruled out. Alloimmunization may not be diagnosed yet at term of delivery. If anti-D alloantibodies were not present prior to the delivery, these women were all administered IgG anti-D in a dose of at least 125 μg after delivery. CONCLUSION: In RhD negative women with an RhD positive fetus, the incidence of spontaneous antepartal RhD alloimmunization was at least 2.3%. Most cases may theoretically be prevented by prophylactic administration of 250 μg of IgG anti-D to all RhD negative women at 28 weeks gestation.
- Klíčová slova
- IgG anti-D., RhD alloimunization, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- fetomaternální transfuze * MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- isoprotilátky imunologie MeSH
- krevní skupiny - systém Rh-Hr imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plod MeSH
- Rh izoimunizace epidemiologie imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Rho(D) imunoglobulin imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vedení porodu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- isoprotilátky MeSH
- krevní skupiny - systém Rh-Hr MeSH
- RHO(D) antibody MeSH Prohlížeč
- Rho(D) antigen MeSH Prohlížeč
- Rho(D) imunoglobulin MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to give comprehensive summary of erythrocyte alloimunization of pregnant women, laboratory dignostics and clinical importance. DESIGN: Review. SETTING: University Hospital Olomouc, Transfusion Department, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. SUBJECT AND METHOD: Based on literature analysis using database search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid in field of erythrocyte antibodies, laboratory diagnostics and clinical importance up-to-date knowledge. CONCLUSION: Erythrocyte alloimunization anti-D antibodies decreases in connection with the introduction of immunoprofylaxis. Immunization of non RhD antibodies with impossibility using of immunoprofylaxis remains still clinical problem.
- MeSH
- antigeny krevních skupin imunologie MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Rh izoimunizace diagnóza MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny krevních skupin MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of clinically significant anti-erythrocyte alloantibodies in pregnant women, which can cause severe hemolytic disease in the fetus and newborn. DESIGN: Retrospective-prospecitive clinical study. SETTING: Transfusion Department, University Hospital Olomouc, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Olomouc. SUBJECT AND METHOD: Between the years 2000-2011, a total of 45 435 pregnant women were examined at the Department of Transfusion Medicine at the University Hospital Olomouc. Screening for irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies followed by identification of the alloantibody was performed in all women at the beginning of the pregnancy. RESULTS: Clinically significant anti-erythrocyte antibodies were diagnosed in 1.5% pregnant women (683/45435). The most common cause of maternal alloimmunization was antigen E with an incidence of 5.7 (258/45435), followed by antigen D 4.0 (181/45435), M 1.5 (70/45435), C 1.2 (54/45435), K 1.2 (55/45435), c 0.6 (26/45435), S 0.4 (20/45435), Jka 0.2 (9/45435), PP1pk (Tja) 0.1 (3/45435) and antigen Fya 0.0 (2/45435). CONCLUSION: Despite performing prophylaxis for RhD alloimmunization by administering anti-D immunoglobulin to RhD negative women during pregnancy and after the birth of an RhD positive child, antigen RhD still represents the 2nd most frequent cause of maternal erythrocyte alloimmunization. The remaining clinically significant alloimmunizations are caused by non-D antigens of the Rh system, antigens of the Kell system, and rarely observed antigens of the MNS and Kidd blood systems.
- MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- isoprotilátky krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- isoprotilátky MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to give comprehensive summary on alloimmunisation of non-RhD erythrocyte antibodies. DESIGN: Review. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ostrava, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Olomouc. SUBJECT AND METHOD: Based on literature analysis using database search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid and Proquest in field of non-RhD erytrocyte antibodies, there has been summarized up-to-date knowledge on irregular antibodies. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women alloimmunisation of non-RhD erythrocyte antigens gather importance in conjunction with relative increase of their occurence. Profylaxis is not possible. Although these erythrocyte antigens are able to induce antibody responce in mother and result in subsequent hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. There are discussed most frequent non-RhD antibodies in the paper.
- MeSH
- antigeny krevních skupin imunologie MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- hematologické komplikace těhotenství imunologie MeSH
- isoantigeny imunologie MeSH
- isoprotilátky krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny krevních skupin MeSH
- isoantigeny MeSH
- isoprotilátky MeSH
One of the recently described antigens broadly expressed on human leukocytes is CDw149, which was defined at the 6th Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen (HLDA) Workshop by means of 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Molecular characterization of this antigen has been lacking. In the present study we demonstrate that these anti-CDw149 mAbs actually recognize a clustered subset of a well-defined membrane protein, CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein (IAP). This clustered subset is present on leukocytes but not erythrocytes. The anti-CDw149 mAbs bind with only low affinity to a monomeric (unclustered) subset of CD47 but with high avidity to the CD47 clusters. A fraction of CD47 is associated with large complexes containing cytoplasmic signaling molecules (Src family kinases and heterotrimeric G-proteins) similar to glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs), which may explain the previously described signaling capacity of CD47. The low-affinity anti-CD47 mAbs may be useful tools targeting specific receptor complexes involved in cell activation. Specific reactivity of low-affinity mAbs with clustered subsets of cell surface antigens may more generally explain the nature of poorly defined "activation forms" or activation neoepitopes described previously for several cell surface molecules.
- MeSH
- afinita protilátek MeSH
- antigeny CD47 MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- CD antigeny chemie imunologie MeSH
- cytoplazma imunologie MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- Jurkat buňky MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kvarterní struktura proteinů MeSH
- leukocyty imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makromolekulární látky MeSH
- membránové proteiny imunologie MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky imunologie MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- transportní proteiny chemie imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD47 MeSH
- CD antigeny MeSH
- CD47 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- makromolekulární látky MeSH
- membránové proteiny MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- transportní proteiny MeSH
- MeSH
- antigeny CD43 MeSH
- buňky kostní dřeně imunologie MeSH
- CD antigeny analýza imunologie MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- hematopoetické kmenové buňky imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G imunologie MeSH
- leukemie imunologie MeSH
- leukocyty imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfom imunologie MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky imunologie MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- sialoglykoproteiny analýza imunologie MeSH
- specificita protilátek MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD43 MeSH
- CD antigeny MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- sialoglykoproteiny MeSH
- SPN protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- Spn protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
