Mismatch repair genes (MMR) play an essential role in DNA repair. MMR mutations predominantly in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and rarely in PMS1, may cause the production of abnormally short or inactivated proteins. The antiapoptotic protein survivin functions in the inhibition of apoptosis, regulation of cell division and also enhances angiogenesis. Both MMRP and survivin are considered to be powerful prognostic parameters. This study was designed to determine the relationship between MMRP and survivin in colon lesions. The study included 113 cases of colon carcinoma and 51 cases of colon polyps. Survivin expression and MMRP status were assessed by immunohistochemistry. In each section, expression, intensity of immunostaining and percentage of labeled cells were analyzed. In carcinomas, immunoreaction was detected in 100/113 cases for MLH1 (88.5%), 112/113 cases for MSH2 (99.1%), 110/113 cases for MSH6 (97.3%), and 103/113 cases for PMS2 (91.2%). Survivin was shown in 47/113 cases (41.6%). The statistical analysis confirmed a significant correlation between the expression of MMRP and survivin in the assessed parameters. All 51 polyp samples were positive for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Only 8 of those (15.7%) were positive for survivin. Statistically significant differences were observed between the expression of MMRP and survivin. In conclusion, this study revealed that MMRP may suppress the antiapoptotic function of survivin through p53 inactivation of its promoter in grade 1 and grade 2 colon carcinomas.

• Klíčová slova
• Colon carcinomas, Colon polyps, Mismatch repair proteins, Survivin,
• MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční metabolismus   MeSH
• adenokarcinom enzymologie   MeSH
• adenosintrifosfatasy metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA vazebné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• enzymy opravy DNA metabolismus   MeSH
• homolog 2 proteinu MutS metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory apoptózy metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mismatch repair endonukleáza PMS2 MeSH
• MutL homolog 1 MeSH
• MutL proteiny MeSH
• nádorové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory tračníku enzymologie   MeSH
• oprava chybného párování bází DNA MeSH
• polypy tlustého střeva enzymologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• survivin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční MeSH
• adenosintrifosfatasy MeSH
• BIRC5 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• DNA vazebné proteiny MeSH
• enzymy opravy DNA MeSH
• G-T mismatch-binding protein MeSH Prohlížeč
• homolog 2 proteinu MutS MeSH
• inhibitory apoptózy MeSH
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• mismatch repair endonukleáza PMS2 MeSH
• MLH1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• MSH2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• MutL homolog 1 MeSH
• MutL proteiny MeSH
• nádorové proteiny MeSH
• PMS1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• PMS2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• survivin MeSH

Mouse monoclonal anticytokeratin antibodies (BA 16; BA 17; CO 8.2; C18.2; C 10; LE 41) were used for examination of 5 patients with large bowel carcinoma ("left colon") using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. For each case cryostat sections were examined from three localizations: primary tumour of large bowel, mucosa in the vicinity of the tumour, and mucosa of distant part from the primary tumour. The antibodies BA 16 and BA 17 produced strongly positive results. Antibody C 18.2 seems to be less suitable for detection of cytokeratin expression in this part of large bowel. The obtained results indicate that no significant differences were found in expression of cytokeratins in the three localizations by histologically well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• keratiny analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• nádory tračníku chemie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• keratiny MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH

In two patients examination of the small intestine by enteroclysis was indicated on account of haemorrhage into the digestive tract and severe anaemia and in one patient the ultrasonographic picture arousing suspicion of Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. Although in all instances previously colonoscopy was made, considered complete, in one instance also irrigoscopy, with a negative result, enteroclysis revealed and surgery confirmed extensive carcinomas of the caecum and colon ascendens. The authors discuss the value and problems of the applied diagnostic method.

• MeSH
• kontrastní látky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slepého střeva diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory tračníku diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kontrastní látky MeSH

Approximately 5 - 35 % of colorectal carcinomas arise through serrated carcinogenesis. The precursor of such carcinomas are serrated adenomas, which differ from conventional adenomas morphologically as well as genetically. Herein, we provide a basic overview of serrated lesions of the large intestine with the focus on histological diagnosis and molecular biology.

• Klíčová slova
• hyperplastic polyp - sessile serrated adenoma - traditional serrated adenoma - serrated carcinoma - serrated carcinogenesis.,
• MeSH
• adenom patologie   MeSH
• karcinogeneze MeSH
• karcinom patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory tračníku patologie   MeSH
• polypy tlustého střeva patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the colon are extremely rare and occur predominantly in the fifth decade of life, with a slight prevalence in men. The most common anatomical sites are the rectum and the proximal colon. Clinical signs and common dia-gnostic methods cannot clearly distinguish SCC from adenocarcinoma. METHODS: In this case report, we present a case of a 68-year-old patient with SCC of the cecum and colon ascendens, who was treated with resection and systemic gemcitabine- and cisplatin-based chemotherapy. RESULTS: A 68-year-old patient underwent right-sided hemicolectomy for cecal and colon ascendens tumor, histologically poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma, grade 3 with an initial stage of pT4aN1aM0. Due to local recurrence at the resection site with suspected infiltration of straight and oblique abdominal muscles, he was treated with systemic gemcitabine and cisplatin based chemotherapy with partial remission. Subsequently, the postchemotherapeutic residual tumor was radically resected, achieving complete remission of the disease, which persists for 10 months after the surgery. CONCLUSION: The case emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary treatment approach of this rare disease. Early surgery plays a key role. Although the standard chemotherapy regimen is not well defined, the use of a combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine resulted in partial remission in our patient, which in turn allowed a radical resection of the relapse and subsequently achieved complete remission of the disease.

• Klíčová slova
• colorectal, squamous cell carcinoma, systemic treatment,
• MeSH
• cisplatina aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• deoxycytidin aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• gemcitabin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom farmakoterapie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cisplatina MeSH
• deoxycytidin MeSH
• gemcitabin MeSH

The authors describe the case-history of a 65-year-old patient with an incarcerated scrotal hernia on the left side. An unexpected finding in the sac of the scrotal hernia was the sigmoid colon with an obturating tumour. The patient was subjected to two-stage surgery with a favourable final effect.

• MeSH
• hernie komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory sigmoidea komplikace   diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• nemoci mužských pohlavních orgánů komplikace   MeSH
• operace kýly MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• skrotum * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Objectives: The potential linkage between Cryptosporidium spp. infection and colorectal human cancer was suggested by limited reports showing higher prevalence of C. parvum and C. hominis in patients with colon cancer. Here we conducted research concerning presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in malignant tissue collected from patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Cancerous colon tissue samples collected from 145 non-HIV infected patients with colorectal cancer were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by immunofluorescence antibody test and genus-specific nested polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Results: Screened pathogen was found in cancerous tissue originating from immunocompetent man with colon adenocarcinoma. Genotyping revealed presence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis. The presence of Cryptosporidium life cycle stages (oocysts and endogenous stages) in colon carcinoma tissue was confirmed by genus-specific FITC-labeling. Conclusions: Herein, we report on a C. meleagridis infection of a colon adenocarcinoma in an immunocompetent patient. This is the first report of C. meleagridis infection in the human colon and first evidence of active development of this species in cancer tissue.

• Klíčová slova
• Cryptosporidium meleagridis, PCR, adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, colon infection, immunofluorescence labeling,
• MeSH
• adenokarcinom komplikace   MeSH
• Cryptosporidium klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kryptosporidióza diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory tračníku komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We describe three cases of benign signet-ring cell aggregates in the colon associated with pseudomembranous colitis, adenomatous polyp of the colon and ulcerated mucosa of the gallbladder excised for gallstones. In all cases, we found loose, benign signet-ring cell aggregates overlying the ulcerated mucosa surface, simulating signet ring-cell carcinoma. The most important sign of the benign signet-ring cell aggregates is that they are always confined to the surface of the mucosa of the intestine or gallbladder mucosa or crypts of the intestinal epithelium. In no case did we see an invasion of these cells into the lamina propria of the mucosa. In all cases, the benign signet-ring cell aggregates were immunohistochemically positive with antibodies to cytokeratins. The occurrence of benign signet-ring cell aggregates is a rare and very misleading diagnostic pitfall which must be differentiated from signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colon and gallbladder.

• MeSH
• adenomové polypy metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• karcinom z prstenčitých buněk diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• keratiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory tračníku diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory žlučníku diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• pseudomembranózní enterokolitida metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• keratiny MeSH

The mismatch repair gene MLH1 is a gene encoding the mismatch repair protein MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), important for repairing mutations generated during DNA replication. MLH1 absence has been observed in human gastrointestinal tumours as well as tumours of the female reproductive tract. We describe the functions of MLH 1 in cell cycle regulation and DNA mismatch repair. In this sense we discuss foriegn knowledges, in which the canine colon adencarcinoma is less frequently diagnosed in Czech and Slovak regions. We briefly described a molecular mechanism of evolution of MSI+ and MSI- colorectal carcinomas in human, and this was confronted with the current opinion of canine colon adenocarcinomas. We suppose that canine colon adenocarcinomas may occur in higher frequency, but they are underdiagnosed in the clinical veterinary practice. At the end, we describe two cases of dogs diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. The authors propose the centralized collection of colon adenocarcinoma samples from dogs, in one reference veterinary histopathological laboratory, which would analyse mismatch repair proteins.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom diagnóza   genetika   veterinární   MeSH
• kolon patologie   MeSH
• MutL homolog 1 genetika   MeSH
• nádory tračníku diagnóza   genetika   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci psů genetika   patologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• MutL homolog 1 MeSH

BACKGROUND: Single site studies in male Veterans in the U.S. reported increased detection of presumptive cancer precursors (adenomas, hyperplastic polyps) in the proximal colon (cecum-splenic flexure) by water exchange. AIMS: Assess the reproducibility of the observation. METHODS: Analysis of secondary outcomes collected prospectively in 3 similarly designed randomized controlled trials using water exchange, water immersion and insufflation (air or carbon dioxide). MAIN OUTCOME: detection rates of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in proximal, transverse and right colon (cecum-ascending). RESULTS: 704 males (173 screening) were evaluated. In the proximal colon, WE showed increased detection of small adenomas (p=0.009) and adenomas plus hyperplastic polyps (p=0.015) (vs insufflation); increased detection of adenomas plus hyperplastic polyps of any size (p=0.045) and of small size (p=0.04) (vs water immersion). In the right colon water exchange increased detection of small adenomas (19% vs 12.1%, p=0.04) (vs insufflation); small adenomas (19% vs 12%, p=0.038), adenomas plus hyperplastic polyps of any size (25% vs 16.7%, p=0.028) and of small size (23.7% vs 14.6%, p=0.012) (vs water immersion). Water exchange significantly improved bowel cleanliness. Sedation had no impact on lesion detection. CONCLUSIONS: Water exchange is a superior insertion technique for detection of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps primarily in the right colon, especially those of small size.

• Klíčová slova
• Adenoma detection rate, Colon cleanliness, Interval colon cancer, Right colon hyperplastic polyps,
• MeSH
• adenom diagnóza   MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru MeSH
• cékum patologie   MeSH
• colon ascendens patologie   MeSH
• hyperplazie MeSH
• kolonoskopie metody   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• plošný screening metody   MeSH
• polypy tlustého střeva diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• voda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Itálie MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH
• Názvy látek
• voda MeSH