AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to identify a set of human adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)-specific markers and investigate whether their gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as well as in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is related to obesity and to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: ATM-specific markers were identified by DNA microarray analysis of adipose tissue cell types isolated from SAT of lean and obese individuals. We then analysed gene expression of these markers by reverse transcription quantitative PCR in paired samples of SAT and VAT from 53 women stratified into four groups (lean, overweight, obese and obese with the metabolic syndrome). Anthropometric measurements, euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, blood analysis and computed tomography scans were performed. RESULTS: A panel of 24 genes was selected as ATM-specific markers based on overexpression in ATM compared with other adipose tissue cell types. In SAT and VAT, gene expression of ATM markers was lowest in lean and highest in the metabolic syndrome group. mRNA levels in the two fat depots were negatively correlated with glucose disposal rate and positively associated with indices of adiposity and the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In humans, expression of ATM-specific genes increases with the degree of adiposity and correlates with markers of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome to a similar degree in SAT and in VAT.

Biochemistry Laboratory Biology Institute of Purpan CHU de Toulouse Toulouse France

Department of Surgery University Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady Prague Czech Republic

Franco Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity Department of Sports Medicine 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Franco Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity Inserm U1048 Obesity Research Laboratory Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Toulouse France

Inserm U1048 ‘Stroma Vascular Cells of Adipose Tissue' Team Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Toulouse France

UPS Bio Medical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse Paul Sabatier University University of Toulouse IFR150 Toulouse France

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$a Klimcakova, E. $u Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Department of Sports Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. eva.klimcakova@mcgill.ca

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$a Macrophage gene expression is related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome in human subcutaneous fat as well as in visceral fat / $c E. Klimcakova, B. Roussel, Z. Kovacova, M. Kovacikova, M. Siklova-Vitkova, M. Combes, J. Hejnova, P. Decaunes, J. J. Maoret, T. Vedral, N. Viguerie, V. Bourlier, A. Bouloumié, V. Stich, D. Langin

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$a AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to identify a set of human adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)-specific markers and investigate whether their gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as well as in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is related to obesity and to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: ATM-specific markers were identified by DNA microarray analysis of adipose tissue cell types isolated from SAT of lean and obese individuals. We then analysed gene expression of these markers by reverse transcription quantitative PCR in paired samples of SAT and VAT from 53 women stratified into four groups (lean, overweight, obese and obese with the metabolic syndrome). Anthropometric measurements, euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, blood analysis and computed tomography scans were performed. RESULTS: A panel of 24 genes was selected as ATM-specific markers based on overexpression in ATM compared with other adipose tissue cell types. In SAT and VAT, gene expression of ATM markers was lowest in lean and highest in the metabolic syndrome group. mRNA levels in the two fat depots were negatively correlated with glucose disposal rate and positively associated with indices of adiposity and the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In humans, expression of ATM-specific genes increases with the degree of adiposity and correlates with markers of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome to a similar degree in SAT and in VAT.

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$a Roussel, B. $u Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Inserm, U1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; UPS, Bio-Medical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, IFR150, Toulouse, France

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$a Kovacova, Z. $u Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Department of Sports Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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$a Kovacikova, M. $u Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Department of Sports Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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$a Combes, M. $u Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Inserm, U1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; UPS, Bio-Medical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, IFR150, Toulouse, France

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$a Hejnova, J. $u Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Department of Sports Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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$a Maoret, J. J. $u Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Inserm, U1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; UPS, Bio-Medical Research Federative Institute of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, IFR150, Toulouse, France

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