OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide timely and effective guidance for pregnant women and health care providers to optimize maternal treatment and fetal protection and to promote effective management of the mother, fetus, and neonate when administering potentially teratogenic medications. New insights and more experience were gained since the first consensus meeting 5 years ago. METHODS: Members of the European Society of Gynecological Oncology task force "Cancer in Pregnancy" in concert with other international experts reviewed the existing literature on their respective areas of expertise. The summaries were subsequently merged into a complete article that served as a basis for discussion during the consensus meeting. All participants approved the final article. RESULTS: In the experts' view, cancer can be successfully treated during pregnancy in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team, optimizing maternal treatment while considering fetal safety. To maximize the maternal outcome, cancer treatment should follow a standard treatment protocol as for nonpregnant patients. Iatrogenic prematurity should be avoided. Individualization of treatment and effective psychologic support is imperative to provide throughout the pregnancy period. Diagnostic procedures, including staging examinations and imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging and sonography, are preferable. Pelvic surgery, either open or laparoscopic, as part of a treatment protocol, may reveal beneficial outcomes and is preferably performed by experts. Most standard regimens of chemotherapy can be administered from 14 weeks gestational age onward. Apart from cervical and vulvar cancer, as well as important vulvar scarring, the mode of delivery is determined by the obstetrician. Term delivery is aimed for. Breast-feeding should be considered based on individual drug safety and neonatologist-breast-feeding expert's consult. CONCLUSIONS: Despite limited evidence-based information, cancer treatment during pregnancy can succeed. State-of-the-art treatment should be provided for this vulnerable population to preserve maternal and fetal prognosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data on teratogenic effects, ionizing examinations, sentinel lymph node biopsy, tumor markers during pregnancy, as well as additional references and tables are available at the extended online version of this consensus article, go to http://links.lww.com/IGC/A197.

§§Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Center of Serbia Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

§Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology Vejle Hospital Vejle Denmark

¶¶Radiation Oncology University Hospitals Leuven Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium

¶Obstetrics University Hospitals Leuven Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium

***Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel

**Obstetrics and Gynecology Ospedale San Gerardo Monza Italy

*Department of Oncology Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Gynecologic Oncology University Hospitals Leuven Belgium

†††Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Motherisk Program Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

††Gynecologic Surgery Institute de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Villejuif France

†Gynecologic Oncology 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University Prague Czech Republic

‡‡Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit Mt Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada

‡Neonatal Intensive Care Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy

∥∥Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hôpital Trousseau Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France

∥Gynecological Oncology Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

Medical Oncology Cochin Teaching Hospital Paris Descartes University Paris France

Medical Oncology Radboudziekenhuis Nijmegen The Netherlands

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