Susceptibility to environmental stressors has been described for fetal and early childhood development. However, the possible susceptibility of the prepubertal period, characterized by the orchestration of the organism towards sexual maturation and adulthood has been poorly investigated and exposure data are scarce. In the current study levels of cadmium (Cd), cotinine and creatinine in urine were analyzed in a subsample 216 children from 12 European countries within the DEMOCOPHES project. The children were divided into six age-sex groups: boys (6-8 years, 9-10 years and 11 years old), and girls (6-7 years, 8-9 years, 10-11 years). The number of subjects per group was between 23 and 53. The cut off values were set at 0.1 µg/L for Cd, and 0.8 µg/L for cotinine defined according to the highest limit of quantification. The levels of Cd and cotinine were adjusted for creatinine level. In the total subsample group, the median level of Cd was 0.180 µg/L (range 0.10-0.69 µg/L), and for cotinine the median wet weight value was 1.50 µg/L (range 0.80-39.91 µg/L). There was no significant difference in creatinine and cotinine levels between genders and age groups. There was a significant correlation between levels of cadmium and creatinine in all children of both genders. This shows that even at such low levels the possible effect of cadmium on kidney function was present and measurable. An increase in Cd levels was evident with age. Cadmium levels were significantly different between 6-7 year old girls, 11 year old boys and 10-11 year old girls. As there was a balanced distribution in the number of subjects from countries included in the study, bias due to data clustering was not probable. The impact of low Cd levels on kidney function and gender differences in Cd levels needs further investigation.

BiPRO GmbH Germany

Centre de Recherche Public Gabriel Lippmann Luxembourg

Children Hospital Srebrnjak Croatia

DG Environment Multilateral and Strategic Affairs Belgium

Environmental Health Center Romania

Federal Environment Agency Germany

Federal Public Service Health Food Chain Safety and Environment DG Environment Belgium

Flemish Institute for Technological Research Environmental Risk and Health Netherlands

Initiativ Liewensufank Luxembourg

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health Ksaverska c 2 10000 Zagreb Croatia

Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr Universität Bochum Germany

Institute Josef Stefan Slovenia

Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden

Instituto de Salud Carlos 3 Spain

KU Leuven Belgium

Laboratoire National de Sante Luxembourg

Larnaca General Hospital Ministry of Health Republic of Cyprus

National Institute of Environmental Health Hungary

National Institute of Public Health Czech Republic

Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Poland

Public Health Authority Slovak Republic

Public Health England UK

State General Laboratory Ministry of Health Cyprus

University of Copenhagen Denmark

000      

00000naa a2200000 a 4500

001      

bmc16000434

003      

CZ-PrNML

005      

20200121092523.0

007      

ta

008      

160108s2015 xxu f 000 0|eng||

009      

AR

024    7_

$a 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.008 $2 doi

035    __

$a (PubMed)25529752

040    __

$a ABA008 $b cze $d ABA008 $e AACR2

041    0_

$a eng

044    __

$a xxu

100    1_

$a Fucic, A $u Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: afucic@imi.hr.

245    10

$a Gender differences in cadmium and cotinine levels in prepubertal children / $c A. Fucic, D. Plavec, L. Casteleyn, D. Aerts, P. Biot, A. Katsonouri, M. Cerna, LE. Knudsen, A. Castano, P. Rudnai, A. Gutleb, D. Ligocka, IR. Lupsa, M. Berglund, M. Horvat, K. Halzlova, G. Schoeters, G. Koppen, A. Hadjipanayis, A. Krskova, S. Középesy, M. Arendt, ME. Fischer, B. Janasik, AE. Gurzau, ES. Gurzau, M. Grandér, K. Larsson, M. Jajcaj, M. Kolossa-Gehring, O. Sepai, K. Exley, M. Bartolome, F. Cutanda, D. Mazej, JK. Nielsen, J. Snoj-Tratnik, G. Schwedler, U. Fiddicke, M. Seiwert, E. Govarts, E. Den Hond, HM. Koch, A. Lopez, A. Joas, R. Joas,

520    9_

$a Susceptibility to environmental stressors has been described for fetal and early childhood development. However, the possible susceptibility of the prepubertal period, characterized by the orchestration of the organism towards sexual maturation and adulthood has been poorly investigated and exposure data are scarce. In the current study levels of cadmium (Cd), cotinine and creatinine in urine were analyzed in a subsample 216 children from 12 European countries within the DEMOCOPHES project. The children were divided into six age-sex groups: boys (6-8 years, 9-10 years and 11 years old), and girls (6-7 years, 8-9 years, 10-11 years). The number of subjects per group was between 23 and 53. The cut off values were set at 0.1 µg/L for Cd, and 0.8 µg/L for cotinine defined according to the highest limit of quantification. The levels of Cd and cotinine were adjusted for creatinine level. In the total subsample group, the median level of Cd was 0.180 µg/L (range 0.10-0.69 µg/L), and for cotinine the median wet weight value was 1.50 µg/L (range 0.80-39.91 µg/L). There was no significant difference in creatinine and cotinine levels between genders and age groups. There was a significant correlation between levels of cadmium and creatinine in all children of both genders. This shows that even at such low levels the possible effect of cadmium on kidney function was present and measurable. An increase in Cd levels was evident with age. Cadmium levels were significantly different between 6-7 year old girls, 11 year old boys and 10-11 year old girls. As there was a balanced distribution in the number of subjects from countries included in the study, bias due to data clustering was not probable. The impact of low Cd levels on kidney function and gender differences in Cd levels needs further investigation.

650    _2

$a stárnutí $x moč $7 D000375

650    _2

$a biologické markery $x moč $7 D015415

650    _2

$a kadmium $x moč $7 D002104

650    _2

$a dítě $7 D002648

650    _2

$a kotinin $x moč $7 D003367

650    _2

$a kreatinin $x moč $7 D003404

650    _2

$a monitorování životního prostředí $x metody $7 D004784

650    _2

$a ženské pohlaví $7 D005260

650    _2

$a lidé $7 D006801

650    _2

$a mužské pohlaví $7 D008297

650    _2

$a puberta $x moč $7 D011627

650    12

$a pohlavní dimorfismus $7 D012727

651    _2

$a Evropa $7 D005060

655    _2

$a časopisecké články $7 D016428

655    _2

$a práce podpořená grantem $7 D013485

700    1_

$a Plavec, D $u Children Hospital Srebrnjak, Croatia.

700    1_

$a Casteleyn, L $u KU Leuven, Belgium.

700    1_

$a Aerts, D $u Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment - DG Environment, Belgium. $7 gn_A_00001956

700    1_

$a Biot, P $u DG Environment, Multilateral and Strategic Affairs, Belgium.

700    1_

$a Katsonouri, A $u State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Cyprus.

700    1_

$a Cerna, M $u Laboratoire National de Sante, Luxembourg; National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic.

700    1_

$a Knudsen, L E $u University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

700    1_

$a Castano, A $u Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

700    1_

$a Rudnai, P $u National Institute of Environmental Health, Hungary.

700    1_

$a Gutleb, A $u Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg.

700    1_

$a Ligocka, D $u Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Poland.

700    1_

$a Lupsa, I-R $u Environmental Health Center, Romania.

700    1_

$a Berglund, M $u Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.

700    1_

$a Horvat, M $u Institute Josef Stefan, Slovenia.

700    1_

$a Halzlova, K $u Public Health Authority, Slovak Republic; State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Cyprus.

700    1_

$a Schoeters, G $u Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Netherlands.

700    1_

$a Koppen, G $u Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Netherlands.

700    1_

$a Hadjipanayis, A $u Larnaca General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Republic of Cyprus.

700    1_

$a Krskova, A $u Laboratoire National de Sante, Luxembourg; National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic.

700    1_

$a Középesy, S $u National Institute of Environmental Health, Hungary.

700    1_

$a Arendt, M $u Initiativ Liewensufank, Luxembourg. $7 gn_A_00008270

700    1_

$a Fischer, M E $u Laboratoire National de Sante, Luxembourg; National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic.

700    1_

$a Janasik, B $u Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Poland.

700    1_

$a Gurzau, A E $u Environmental Health Center, Romania.

700    1_

$a Gurzau, E S $u Environmental Health Center, Romania.

700    1_

$a Grandér, M $u Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.

700    1_

$a Larsson, K $u Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.

700    1_

$a Jajcaj, M $u Institute Josef Stefan, Slovenia.

700    1_

$a Kolossa-Gehring, M $u Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Germany.

700    1_

$a Sepai, O $u Public Health England, UK.

700    1_

$a Exley, K $u Public Health England, UK.

700    1_

$a Bartolome, M $u Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

700    1_

$a Cutanda, F $u Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

700    1_

$a Mazej, D $u Institute Josef Stefan, Slovenia.

700    1_

$a Nielsen, J K S $u University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

700    1_

$a Snoj-Tratnik, J $u Institute Josef Stefan, Slovenia.

700    1_

$a Schwedler, G $u Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Germany.

700    1_

$a Fiddicke, U $u Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Germany.

700    1_

$a Seiwert, M $u Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Germany.

700    1_

$a Govarts, E $u Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Netherlands.

700    1_

$a Den Hond, E $u Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health, Netherlands.

700    1_

$a Koch, H M $u Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Germany.

700    1_

$a Lopez, A $u Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

700    1_

$a Joas, A $u BiPRO GmbH, Germany.

700    1_

$a Joas, R $u BiPRO GmbH, Germany.

773    0_

$w MED00001557 $t Environmental research $x 1096-0953 $g Roč. 141, č. - (2015), s. 125-31

856    41

$u https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25529752 $y Pubmed

910    __

$a ABA008 $b sig $c sign $y a $z 0

990    __

$a 20160108 $b ABA008

991    __

$a 20200121092900 $b ABA008

999    __

$a ok $b bmc $g 1102715 $s 924640

BAS    __

$a 3

BAS    __

$a PreBMC

BMC    __

$a 2015 $b 141 $c - $d 125-31 $e 20141218 $i 1096-0953 $m Environmental research. Section A $n Environ Res $x MED00001557

LZP    __

$a Pubmed-20160108