Příspěvek se zaměřuje na analýzu přítomnosti problémů s přizpůsobením u dospívajících z prostředí ústavní péče a srovnání s populací adolescentů, kteří vyrůstali v rodinném prostředí. Výzkum byl realizován u 499 dospívajících (285 z prostředí ústavní péče a 214 z rodinného prostředí) ve věku 13–21. K zjištění přítomnosti problémů s přizpůsobením byl použit dotazník Youth Self Report. Výsledky ukázaly, že dospívající v ústavní péči dosahují ve všech oblastech vyšších průměrných hodnot, tj. projevují větší problémy s přizpůsobením. Také zastoupení jednotlivých diagnostických kategorií pro jednotlivé typy problémů ukazuje větší zastoupení ne–normálních pásem (hraniční, klinické) u dospívajících v ústavní péči, především v rámci hraničního pásma. Největší rozdíly se projevily v dimenzích Problémy s myšlením a dimenzi Porušování norem. MANOVA analýza následně potvrdila existenci signifikantních rozdílů mezi oběma skupinami dospívajících, většina rozdílů ale měla pouze malou sílu. V míře přítomnosti problémů s přizpůsobením se tak obě skupiny až na výše zmíněné dimenze příliš neliší.

Problem: Residential care environment represents a specific social space that is associated with a number of negative consequences, covering most aspects of children and youth functioning. The paper analyzes of the presence of adjustment problems among adolescents from institutional care environment and compares this results with a population of adolescents who grew up in a family. Methods: The sample consisted of two groups of adolescents. The first group included 285 adolescents currently growing up in an residential care environment, aged 13 to 21 (M = 16.23, SD = 1.643). The second group consisted of 214 adolescents growing up in a family, aged 15 to 20 (M = 17.07, SD = 1.070). We used a questionnaire Youth Self Report. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and MANOVA. Results: Results showed that adolescents in residential care exhibit higher average values in all adjustment problems. Also, in the context of diagnostic categories are the residential care adolescents more frequently in non-normal range (borderline and clinical), primarily in the border range. The greatest differences were reflected in the Thought problems and Rule-breaking behavior. MANOVA showed a significant multivariate effect between groups of adolescents, Hotelling's T = .803, F(8, 490) = 49.202, p <.001, d = .445 (large effect). Univariate analysis further showed a significant effect for Withdrawn/depressed (p = .044, d = .089, small effect), Somatic complaints (p = .002, d = .139, medium effect), Social problems (p = 004, d = .127, a small effect), Thought problems (p <.001, d = .633, strong effect), Attention problems (p <.001, d = .320,strong effect), Rule-breaking behavior (p <.001 , d = .383, strong effect), and Aggressive behavior (p = 015, d = .110, small effect). Results for the dimension of Anxious/depressed were not significant (p = .159). Discussion: The results didn’t confirmed the assumption that more than 30% of residential care adolescents have adjustment problems in the clinical range. Overall, the results do not correspond with previous findings, which describes more frequent presence of various adjustment problems. More frequently occur only the thought problems and rule-breaking behavior. Hyperactivity and cognitive problems are indicated as typical for residential care children, with wider causes in the emotional development. Problems with rule-breaking behavior have most likely a complex background. MANOVA analysis confirmed the finding that there is a significant difference between groups, but in most cases only with small effect. The residential care environment in the Czech Republic thus can be evaluated as functional, regarding its purpose and function. Conclusion: The results showed the differences in the presence of adjustment problems in adolescents growing up in the family and in institutional care, but also pointed to the fact that these differences are in most cases only small. The current state of the residential care environment in terms of adjustment problems can be evaluated as quite positive.

Katedra psychologie Filozofická fakulta Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě

Adjustment problems and residential care environment

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