Cieľ: Táto štúdia si kladie za ciel overiť modifikovánu verziu Modelu tripartitného vplyvu na obraz těla, vysvetlujúci nespokojnosť s telom prostredníctvom analýzy viacerých premenných, vychádzajúc zo Seba-determinačnej teorie. Metoda: 302 slovenských vysokoškolákov (52,3% ženy) z Košic a Prešova poskytli sociodemografické charakteristiky a informácie o sociokultúrnych tlakoch na obraz těla (ďalej len sociokultúrne tlaky), internalizácii spoločenských ideálov vzhladu (internalizácia), nespokojnosti s telom, všeobecnej seba-determinácii a naplnění základných psychologických potrieb prostredníctvom elektronického zberu dát. Výsledky: Modifikovaný štrukturálny model (po přidaní jednej kovariancie) spínal kritéria pre prijatie a vysvětloval 45% (ženy) a 25% (muži) variancie nespokojnosti s telom. Bol statisticky ekvivalentný pre mužov a pre ženy (p > .001; ΔCFI < .01). Signifikantná priama asociácia bola zistená medzi sociokultúrnymi ťlakmi a (1) nespokojnosťou s telom (ženy: β = .45; S.E. = .016; p = .003; muži: β = .281; S.E. = .124; p = .023), (2) internalizáciou len u žien (ženy: β = .006; S.E. = .006; p = 329; muži: β = .005; S.E. = .004; p = .238) a (3) seba-determináciou (ženy: β = - .032; S.E. = .011; p = .003; muži: β = - .023; S.E. = .007; p = .002). Ďalšie priame asociácie boli nájdené medzi nespokojnosťou s telom a internalizáciou (ženy: β = - .361; S.E. = .105; p < .001; muži: β = - .324; S.E. = .109; p = .003) a medzi nespokojnosťou s telom a naplněním základných psychologických potrieb len u mužov (ženy: β = - .007; S.E. = .005; p = .162; muži: β = - .013; S.E. = .006; p = .024). Nepriama asociácia medzi seba-determináciou a nespokojnosťou s telom bola signifikantná cez sociokultúrne tlaky (ženy: p = .002; muži: p = .005). Záver: Výsledky podporujú relevantnosť Modelu tripartitného vplyvu na obraz těla u slovenských vysokoškolákov oboch pohlaví. Okrem toho prezentovaný model zdórazňuje, ochrannú úlohu seba-determinácie v rozvoji nespokojnosti s telom. Další výskům by sa mal zamerať na preskúmanie sociokultúrnych tlakov, nespokojnosť s telom, seba-determináciu, ako aj základné psychické potřeby ako prediktory rizika poruch stravovania.

Objective: The current study aims to confirm a modified version of the Tripartite Influence Model of body image explaining body dissatisfaction by analyzing the role of various variables supported by Self-determination theory. Method: 302 Slovak university students (52.3% of females) from Košice and Prešov provided sociodemographic characteristics and information about sociocultural pressures about body image (hereinafter pressures), internalization of societal ideals of appearance (internalization), body dissatisfaction, general self-determination and basic psychological needs satisfaction via electronic data collection. Results: The modified structural model (after adding one covariance) fitted the data well on the whole and explained 45% of variance among females and 25% among males body dissatisfaction. It is statistically equivalent for males and females (p > .001; ΔCFI < .01). Significant direct associations were found between pressures and (1) body dissatisfaction (females: β = .45; S.E. = .016; p = .003; males: β = .281; S.E. = .124; p = .023), (2) internalization among females only (females: β = .006; S.E. =.006; p = 329; males: β = .005; S.E. = .004; p = .238) and (3) self-determination (females: β = - .032; S.E. = .011; p = .003; males: β = -.023; S.E. = .007; p = .002). Other direct associations were found between self-determination and internalization (females: β = - .361; S.E. =.105; p<.001; males: (3 = - .324; S.E. = .109; p = .003) and between body dissatisfaction and basic psychological needs satisfaction among males only (females: β = - .007; S.E. = .005; p = .162; males: β = - .013; S.E. = .006; p = .024). Furthermore, an indirect association of self-determination on body dissatisfaction was significant through pressure (females: p = .002; males: p = .005). Conclusion: The results support the relevance of the Tripartite Influence model of body image among Slovak university students for both sexes. The presented model also emphasizes the protective role of self-determination in the context of body dissatisfaction. Future research is needed to explore the socio-cultural pressures, body dissatisfaction, self-determination as well as basic psychological needs as predictors of risk of eating disorders.

University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice Slovakia Faculty of Arts Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology

Sociocultural pressures and self-determination as factors of body dissatisfaction among Slovak university students

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