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Combining phylogenetic and demographic inferences to assess the origin of the genetic diversity in an isolated wolf population
L. Montana, R. Caniglia, M. Galaverni, E. Fabbri, A. Ahmed, BČ. Bolfíková, SD. Czarnomska, A. Galov, R. Godinho, M. Hindrikson, P. Hulva, B. Jędrzejewska, M. Jelenčič, M. Kutal, U. Saarma, T. Skrbinšek, E. Randi,
Language English Country United States
Document type Journal Article
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- MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation * MeSH
- Genotype * MeSH
- Haplotypes MeSH
- DNA, Mitochondrial genetics MeSH
- Genetics, Population MeSH
- Wolves genetics MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Italy MeSH
The survival of isolated small populations is threatened by both demographic and genetic factors. Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivore populations to expand again, possibly reverting the erosion of their genetic diversity. In this study we reassessed the extent and origin of the genetic variation of the Italian wolf population, which is expanding after centuries of decline and isolation. We genotyped wolves from Italy and other nine populations at four mtDNA regions (control-region, ATP6, COIII and ND4) and 39 autosomal microsatellites. Results of phylogenetic analyses and assignment procedures confirmed in the Italian wolves a second private mtDNA haplotype, which belongs to a haplogroup distributed mostly in southern Europe. Coalescent analyses showed that the unique mtDNA haplotypes in the Italian wolves likely originated during the late Pleistocene. ABC simulations concordantly showed that the extant wolf populations in Italy and in south-western Europe started to be isolated and declined right after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the standing genetic variation in the Italian wolves principally results from the historical isolation south of the Alps.
Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
Department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
Department of Zoology Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a The survival of isolated small populations is threatened by both demographic and genetic factors. Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivore populations to expand again, possibly reverting the erosion of their genetic diversity. In this study we reassessed the extent and origin of the genetic variation of the Italian wolf population, which is expanding after centuries of decline and isolation. We genotyped wolves from Italy and other nine populations at four mtDNA regions (control-region, ATP6, COIII and ND4) and 39 autosomal microsatellites. Results of phylogenetic analyses and assignment procedures confirmed in the Italian wolves a second private mtDNA haplotype, which belongs to a haplogroup distributed mostly in southern Europe. Coalescent analyses showed that the unique mtDNA haplotypes in the Italian wolves likely originated during the late Pleistocene. ABC simulations concordantly showed that the extant wolf populations in Italy and in south-western Europe started to be isolated and declined right after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the standing genetic variation in the Italian wolves principally results from the historical isolation south of the Alps.
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