Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. Vector competence is a component of vectorial capacity and depends on genetic determinants affecting the ability of a vector to transmit a pathogen. These determinants affect traits such as tick-host-pathogen and susceptibility to pathogen infection. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in tick-pathogen interactions that affect vector competence is essential for the identification of molecular drivers for tick-borne diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of tick-pathogen molecular interactions for bacteria, viruses, and protozoa affecting human and animal health. Additionally, the impact of tick microbiome on these interactions was considered. Results show that different pathogens evolved similar strategies such as manipulation of the immune response to infect vectors and facilitate multiplication and transmission. Furthermore, some of these strategies may be used by pathogens to infect both tick and mammalian hosts. Identification of interactions that promote tick survival, spread, and pathogen transmission provides the opportunity to disrupt these interactions and lead to a reduction in tick burden and the prevalence of tick-borne diseases. Targeting some of the similar mechanisms used by the pathogens for infection and transmission by ticks may assist in development of preventative strategies against multiple tick-borne diseases.

Animal and Plant Health AgencySurrey UK Faculty of Health and Medicine University of SurreyGuildford UK

Animal and Plant Health AgencySurrey UK Institute of Infection and Global Health University of LiverpoolLiverpool UK

Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of ParasitologyCeske Budejovice Czechia

Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of ParasitologyCeske Budejovice Czechia Faculty of Science University of South BohemiaČeské Budějovice Czechia

Department of Microbiology Medical School Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki Greece

Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater OK USA

Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza Spain

Global Health and Tropical Medicine Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa Portugal

Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität BerlinBerlin Germany

National Center of Reference for Anaplasma Babesia Rickettsia and Theileria Intituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SiciliaSicily Italy

SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos CSIC UCLM JCCMCiudad Real Spain

SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos CSIC UCLM JCCMCiudad Real Spain Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater OK USA

UMR BIPAR INRA ANSES ENVAMaisons Alfort France

UMR BIPAR INRA ANSES ENVAMaisons Alfort France Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of ParasitologyCeske Budejovice Czechia Faculty of Science University of South BohemiaČeské Budějovice Czechia

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$a Tick-Pathogen Interactions and Vector Competence: Identification of Molecular Drivers for Tick-Borne Diseases / $c J. de la Fuente, S. Antunes, S. Bonnet, A. Cabezas-Cruz, AG. Domingos, A. Estrada-Peña, N. Johnson, KM. Kocan, KL. Mansfield, AM. Nijhof, A. Papa, N. Rudenko, M. Villar, P. Alberdi, A. Torina, N. Ayllón, M. Vancova, M. Golovchenko, L. Grubhoffer, S. Caracappa, AR. Fooks, C. Gortazar, ROM. Rego,

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