In this review, the effect of organic solvents on microalgae cultures from molecular to industrial scale is presented. Traditional organic solvents and solvents of new generation-ionic liquids (ILs), are considered. Alterations in microalgal cell metabolism and synthesis of target products (pigments, proteins, lipids), as a result of exposure to organic solvents, are summarized. Applications of organic solvents as a carbon source for microalgal growth and production of target molecules are discussed. Possible implementation of various industrial effluents containing organic solvents into microalgal cultivation media, is evaluated. The effect of organic solvents on extraction of target compounds from microalgae is also considered. Techniques for lipid and carotenoid extraction from viable microalgal biomass (milking methods) and dead microalgal biomass (classical methods) are depicted. Moreover, the economic survey of lipid and carotenoid extraction from microalgae biomass, by means of different techniques and solvents, is conducted.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Process Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Technická 4 166 07 Prague 6 Czech Republic

TERRA AgricultureIsLife University of Liege Gembloux Agro Bio Tech Passage des Déportés 2 Gembloux B 5030 Belgium

Unit of Biological and Industrial Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro Bio Tech Passage des Déportés 2 Gembloux B 5030 Belgium

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