Lone pair-π interactions are now recognized as a supramolecular bond whose existence in biological systems is documented by a growing number of examples. They are commonly attributed to electrostatic forces. This review attempts to highlight some recent discoveries evidencing the important role which lone pair-π interactions, and anion-π interactions in particular, play in stabilizing the structure and affecting the function of biomolecules. Special attention is paid to studies exploring the physical origin of these at first glance counterintuitive interactions between a lone pair of electrons of one residue and the π-cloud of another. Recent theoretical work went beyond the popular electrostatic model and inquired the extent to which orbital interactions have to be taken into account. In at least one biologically relevant case-that of anion-flavin interactions-a substantial charge-transfer component has been shown to operate.

Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 61137 Brno Czech Republic INSERM U 1134 DSIMB 75739 Paris France Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité UMR_S 1134 75739 Paris France Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine 75739 Paris France Laboratoire d'Excellence GR Ex 75739 Paris France

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