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Brominated flame retardants in the indoor environment - Comparative study of indoor contamination from three countries
M. Venier, O. Audy, Š. Vojta, J. Bečanová, K. Romanak, L. Melymuk, M. Krátká, P. Kukučka, J. Okeme, A. Saini, ML. Diamond, J. Klánová,
Language English Country Netherlands
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- MeSH
- Bromobenzenes analysis MeSH
- Housing * MeSH
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers analysis MeSH
- Air Pollutants analysis MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring MeSH
- Dust analysis MeSH
- Flame Retardants analysis MeSH
- Air Pollution, Indoor analysis MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Canada MeSH
- United States MeSH
Concentrations of more than 20 brominated flame retardants (FRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and emerging FRs, were measured in air, dust and window wipes from 63 homes in Canada, the Czech Republic and the United States in the spring and summer of 2013. Among the PBDEs, the highest concentrations were generally BDE-209 in all three matrices, followed by Penta-BDEs. Among alternative FRs, EHTBB and BEHTBP were detected at the highest concentrations. DBDPE was also a major alternative FR detected in dust and air. Bromobenzenes were detected at lower levels than PBDEs and other alternative FRs; among the bromobenzenes, HBB and PBEB were the most abundant compounds. In general, FR levels were highest in the US and lowest in the Czech Republic - a geographic trend that reflects the flame retardants' market. No statistically significant differences were detected between bedroom and living room FR concentrations in the same house (n=10), suggesting that sources of FRs are widespread indoors and mixing between rooms. The concentrations of FRs in air, dust, and window film were significantly correlated, especially for PBDEs. We found a significant relationship between the concentrations in dust and window film and in the gas phase for FRs with log KOA values <14, suggesting that equilibrium was reached for these but not compounds with log KOA values >14. This hypothesis was confirmed by a large discrepancy between values predicted using a partitioning model and the measured values for FRs with log KOA values >14.
Department of Earth Sciences University of Toronto 22 Russell Street Toronto Canada M5S 3B1
RECETOX Masaryk University Kamenice 753 5 pavilion A29 62500 Brno Czech Republic
References provided by Crossref.org
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