Polymer carriers based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with incorporated organic nitrates as nitric oxide (NO) donors were designed with the aim to localise NO generation in solid tumours, thus highly increasing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The NO donors were coupled to the polymer carrier either through a stable bond or through a hydrolytically degradable, pH sensitive, bond. In vivo, the co-administration of the polymer NO donor and HPMA copolymer-bound cytotoxic drug (doxorubicin; Dox) resulted in an improvement in the treatment of murine EL4 T-cell lymphoma. The polymer NO donors neither potentiated the in vitro toxicity of the cytotoxic drug nor exerted any effect on in vivo model without the EPR effect, such as BCL1 leukaemia. Thus, an increase in passive accumulation of the nanomedicine carrying cytotoxic drug via NO-enhanced EPR effect was the operative mechanism of action. The most significant improvement in the therapy was observed in a combination treatment with such a polymer conjugate of Dox, which is characterised by increased circulation in the blood and efficient accumulation in solid tumours. Notably, the combination treatment enabled the development of an anti-tumour immune response, which was previously demonstrated as an important feature of HPMA-based polymer cytotoxic drugs.

b Department of Biomedical Polymers Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS v v i Prague Czech Republic

Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Institute of Microbiology CAS v v i Prague Czech Republic

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$a Polymer carriers based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with incorporated organic nitrates as nitric oxide (NO) donors were designed with the aim to localise NO generation in solid tumours, thus highly increasing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The NO donors were coupled to the polymer carrier either through a stable bond or through a hydrolytically degradable, pH sensitive, bond. In vivo, the co-administration of the polymer NO donor and HPMA copolymer-bound cytotoxic drug (doxorubicin; Dox) resulted in an improvement in the treatment of murine EL4 T-cell lymphoma. The polymer NO donors neither potentiated the in vitro toxicity of the cytotoxic drug nor exerted any effect on in vivo model without the EPR effect, such as BCL1 leukaemia. Thus, an increase in passive accumulation of the nanomedicine carrying cytotoxic drug via NO-enhanced EPR effect was the operative mechanism of action. The most significant improvement in the therapy was observed in a combination treatment with such a polymer conjugate of Dox, which is characterised by increased circulation in the blood and efficient accumulation in solid tumours. Notably, the combination treatment enabled the development of an anti-tumour immune response, which was previously demonstrated as an important feature of HPMA-based polymer cytotoxic drugs.

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$a Horková, Veronika $u a Laboratory of Tumor Immunology , Institute of Microbiology CAS, v.v.i , Prague , Czech Republic.

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$a Etrych, Tomáš $u b Department of Biomedical Polymers , Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, v.v.i , Prague , Czech Republic.

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$a Chytil, Petr $u b Department of Biomedical Polymers , Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, v.v.i , Prague , Czech Republic.

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$a Říhová, Blanka $u a Laboratory of Tumor Immunology , Institute of Microbiology CAS, v.v.i , Prague , Czech Republic.

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$a Studenovský, Martin $u b Department of Biomedical Polymers , Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, v.v.i , Prague , Czech Republic.

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