The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel analytical procedure for determination of total chromium and Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species released from metal implants into whole blood and joint effusion. Firstly, the ion-pair chromatographic method employing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for analysis of species was developed. Secondly, all samples, protein and low molecular fractions were analyzed for their total chromium content using ICP-MS. This new measurement procedure was validated by the following parameters: limit of detection (0.13 μg L-1 for Cr(III), 0.14 μg L-1 for Cr(VI)), linearity of calibration, trueness (recovery 84-92%), intermediate precision (RSD < 5%). We determined statistically significantly higher chromium levels in joint effusion samples obtained from patients in comparison with a control group. On the other hand, no relevant difference among the concentrations of both species and total chromium in blood was observed. Our results show that the majority of chromium is present in the trivalent form and bound to proteins. This speciation study is rare in the field of speciation analysis in clinical samples. It is characterized by very fast and simple sample preparation without any changes in distribution or stability of both Cr forms and efficient simultaneous analysis of Cr species.

Department of Orthopaedics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacký University Olomouc University Hospital Olomouc 1 P Pavlova 6 77520 Olomouc Czech Republic

Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University in Olomouc 17 listopadu 12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic

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