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The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey
M. Sartelli, FM. Labricciosa, P. Barbadoro, L. Pagani, L. Ansaloni, AJ. Brink, J. Carlet, A. Khanna, A. Chichom-Mefire, F. Coccolini, S. Di Saverio, AK. May, P. Viale, RR. Watkins, L. Scudeller, LM. Abbo, FM. Abu-Zidan, AK. Adesunkanmi, S....
Language English Country England, Great Britain
Document type Journal Article
NLK
BioMedCentral
from 2006-12-01
BioMedCentral Open Access
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Directory of Open Access Journals
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PubMed Central
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- MeSH
- Antimicrobial Stewardship methods MeSH
- Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Global Health trends MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Intraabdominal Infections drug therapy MeSH
- Postoperative Complications drug therapy MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world. METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in 2016 on 173 physicians who participated in the AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections) project and on 658 international experts in the fields of ASPs, infection control, and infections in surgery. RESULTS: The response rate was 19.4%. One hundred fifty-six (98.7%) participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary AST. The median number of physicians working inside the team was five [interquartile range 4-6]. An infectious disease specialist, a microbiologist and an infection control specialist were, respectively, present in 80.1, 76.3, and 67.9% of the ASTs. A surgeon was a component in 59.0% of cases and was significantly more likely to be present in university hospitals (89.5%, p < 0.05) compared to community teaching (83.3%) and community hospitals (66.7%). Protocols for pre-operative prophylaxis and for antimicrobial treatment of surgical infections were respectively implemented in 96.2 and 82.3% of the hospitals. The majority of the surgical departments implemented both persuasive and restrictive interventions (72.8%). The most common types of interventions in surgical departments were dissemination of educational materials (62.5%), expert approval (61.0%), audit and feedback (55.1%), educational outreach (53.7%), and compulsory order forms (51.5%). CONCLUSION: The survey showed a heterogeneous organization of ASPs worldwide, demonstrating the necessity of a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach in the battle against antimicrobial resistance in surgical infections, and the importance of educational efforts towards this goal.
1st Department of Surgery Tzaneion General Hospital Piraeus Greece
2nd Department of General Surgery Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
2nd Surgical Clinic Emergency Hospital of Craiova Craiova Romania
3rd Department of General Surgery Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
Abdominal Center University Hospital Meilahti Helsinki Finland
Academic Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK
Center for Global Health Mito Kyodo General Hospital University of Tsukuba Mito Ibaraki Japan
Center of Anti Infective Research and Development Hartford CT USA
Clinic for Emergency Surgery Medical Faculty University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
Clinic for General Surgery Clinical Centre Nis Serbia
Clinical Epidemiology Unit IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation Pavia Italy
Clinical Research Center Fundacion Valle del Lili Cali Colombia
Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery Cologne Merheim Medical Center Cologne Germany
Department General Surgery Kipshidze Central University Hospital Tbilisi Georgia
Department of Abdominal Surgery Regional Hospital of Tienen Tienen Belgium
Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control Rudolfstiftung Hospital Vienna Austria
Department of Critical Care Medicine Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
Department of Digestive Surgery Cannes Hospital Cannes France
Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care Centro Medico Imbanaco Cali Colombia
Department of Emergency Surgery City Hospital Mozyr Belarus
Department of Emergency Umberto 1 Hospital Rome Italy
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Santa Casa Hospital Campo Grande Brazil
Department of General and Emergency Surgery Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers' Riga Latvia
Department of General and Emergency Surgery University Hospital Kraków Kraków Poland
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery University Hospital Giessen Giessen Germany
Department of General Surgery Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine Erzincan Turkey
Department of General Surgery Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena La Serena Chile
Department of General Surgery Jesenice General Hospital Jesenice Slovenia
Department of General Surgery Kuala Krai Hospital Kuala Krai Kelantan Malaysia
Department of General Surgery Maggiore Hospital Parma Italy
Department of General Surgery Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng Hospital Tan Tock Seng Singapore
Department of Infectious Diseases John Peter Smith Health Network Fort Worth Texas USA
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases University of Cologne Cologne Germany
Department of Internal Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
Department of Internal Medicine Royal Hospital Muscat Oman
Department of Medicine Infectious Disease Division King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Department of Microbiology Bicêtre Hospital Paris Sud University La Kremlin Bicêtre France
Department of Microbiology Gandhi Medical College Bhopal India
Department of Microbiology Grande International Hospital Dhapasi Kathmandu Nepal
Department of Pharmacology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
Department of Pharmacy Lebanese International University Beirut Lebanon
Department of Surgery and Critical Care Universidad del Valle Fundación Valle del Lili Cali Colombia
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Gynaecology Regional Hospital Limbe Cameroon
Department of Surgery Clinica Foianini Santa Cruz Bolivia
Department of Surgery College of Health Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria
Department of Surgery Division of Trauma University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
Department of Surgery Emergency Hospital of Bucharest Bucharest Romania
Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou BP 123 Parakou Benin
Department of Surgery Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela Spain
Department of Surgery Infermi Hospital Rimini Italy
Department of Surgery Inling Hospital Nanjing University School of Medicine Nanjing China
Department of Surgery John Peter Smith Health Network Fort Worth Texas USA
Department of Surgery King Abdullah University Hospital Irbid Jordan
Department of Surgery Macerata Hospital Macerata Italy
Department of Surgery Maggiore Hospital Bologna Italy
Department of Surgery Medical School University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
Department of Surgery Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
Department of Surgery North Estonia Medical Center Tallinn Estonia
Department of Surgery Onandjokwe Hospital Ondangwa Namibia
Department of Surgery Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak India
Department of Surgery Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
Department of Surgery Radiology University Hospital of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica
Department of Surgery Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences São Paulo Brazil
Department of Surgery Universidad Nacional de Asuncion Asuncion Paraguay
Department of Surgery University Hospital Center Zagreb Croatia
Department of Surgery University Hospital of Trauma Tirana Albania
Department of Surgery University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
Department of Surgery University of Colorado Denver Health Medical Center Denver CO USA
Department of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
Department of Surgery University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Brazil
Department of Surgery University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville VA USA
Department of Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
Department of Surgery Versilia Hospita Lido di Camaiore Italy
Department of Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA
Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
Department of Trauma Hospital Santo Tomas Panama Panama
Division of Acute Care Surgery Department of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
Division of Infectious Diseases American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
General and Upper GI Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK
General Surgery Department Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Instanbul Turkey
General Surgery Department Medical University University Hospital St George Plovdiv Bulgaria
General Surgery Department Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo Italy
Health Research Program Institute of Economic and Social Research University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia
Hospital Center Tondela Viseu Tondela Portugal
Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto San Luis Potosi Mexico
Infection Control Committee Prontobaby Hospital da Criança Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Infection Control Unit Angers University CHU d'Angers Angers France
Infectious Diseases Unit Bolzano Central Hospital Bolzano Italy
Institute of Infectious Diseases Catholic University Rome Italy
Intensive Care Medicine Department Centro Hospitalar São João University of Porto Porto Portugal
John Farman Intensive Care Unit University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK
JPS Health Network Texas TX USA
Niguarda Hospital Milano Italy
Peruvian Navy Medical Center Lima Peru
Service of General Surgery Hospital Complex of Jaén Jaén Spain
Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Madrid Spain
Sixth Department of Internal Medicine Hygeia General Hospital Athens Greece
Sudan National Public Health Laboratory Federal Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy Abilene TX USA
Trauma and Acute Care Service St Michael's Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada
Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel
Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City Taiwan
Unit of Hospital Pharmacy Macerata Hospital Macerata Italy
University Department for Tumours Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC Zagreb Croatia
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey / $c M. Sartelli, FM. Labricciosa, P. Barbadoro, L. Pagani, L. Ansaloni, AJ. Brink, J. Carlet, A. Khanna, A. Chichom-Mefire, F. Coccolini, S. Di Saverio, AK. May, P. Viale, RR. Watkins, L. Scudeller, LM. Abbo, FM. Abu-Zidan, AK. Adesunkanmi, S. Al-Dahir, MN. Al-Hasan, H. Alis, C. Alves, AR. Araujo da Silva, G. Augustin, M. Bala, PS. Barie, MA. Beltrán, A. Bhangu, B. Bouchra, SM. Brecher, MA. Caínzos, A. Camacho-Ortiz, M. Catani, SJ. Chandy, AC. Jusoh, JR. Cherry-Bukowiec, O. Chiara, E. Colak, OA. Cornely, Y. Cui, Z. Demetrashvili, B. De Simone, JJ. De Waele, S. Dhingra, F. Di Marzo, A. Dogjani, G. Dorj, L. Dortet, TM. Duane, MM. Elmangory, MA. Enani, P. Ferrada, J. Esteban Foianini, M. Gachabayov, C. Gandhi, WM. Ghnnam, H. Giamarellou, G. Gkiokas, H. Gomi, T. Goranovic, EA. Griffiths, RI. Guerra Gronerth, JC. Haidamus Monteiro, TC. Hardcastle, A. Hecker, AM. Hodonou, O. Ioannidis, A. Isik, KA. Iskandar, HS. Kafil, SS. Kanj, LJ. Kaplan, G. Kapoor, AR. Karamarkovic, J. Kenig, I. Kerschaever, F. Khamis, V. Khokha, R. Kiguba, HB. Kim, WC. Ko, K. Koike, I. Kozlovska, A. Kumar, L. Lagunes, R. Latifi, JG. Lee, YR. Lee, A. Leppäniemi, Y. Li, SY. Liang, W. Lowman, GM. Machain, M. Maegele, P. Major, S. Malama, R. Manzano-Nunez, A. Marinis, I. Martinez Casas, S. Marwah, E. Maseda, ME. McFarlane, Z. Memish, D. Mertz, C. Mesina, SK. Mishra, EE. Moore, A. Munyika, E. Mylonakis, L. Napolitano, I. Negoi, MD. Nestorovic, DP. Nicolau, AH. Omari, CA. Ordonez, JA. Paiva, ND. Pant, JG. Parreira, M. Pędziwiatr, BM. Pereira, A. Ponce-de-Leon, G. Poulakou, J. Preller, C. Pulcini, G. Pupelis, M. Quiodettis, TM. Rawson, T. Reis, M. Rems, S. Rizoli, J. Roberts, NR. Pereira, J. Rodríguez-Baño, B. Sakakushev, J. Sanders, N. Santos, N. Sato, RG. Sawyer, S. Scarpelini, L. Scoccia, N. Shafiq, V. Shelat, CD. Sifri, B. Siribumrungwong, K. Søreide, R. Soto, HP. de Souza, P. Talving, NT. Trung, JM. Tessier, M. Tumbarello, J. Ulrych, S. Uranues, H. Van Goor, A. Vereczkei, F. Wagenlehner, Y. Xiao, KC. Yuan, A. Wechsler-Fördös, JR. Zahar, TL. Zakrison, B. Zuckerbraun, WP. Zuidema, F. Catena,
- 520 9_
- $a BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world. METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in 2016 on 173 physicians who participated in the AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections) project and on 658 international experts in the fields of ASPs, infection control, and infections in surgery. RESULTS: The response rate was 19.4%. One hundred fifty-six (98.7%) participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary AST. The median number of physicians working inside the team was five [interquartile range 4-6]. An infectious disease specialist, a microbiologist and an infection control specialist were, respectively, present in 80.1, 76.3, and 67.9% of the ASTs. A surgeon was a component in 59.0% of cases and was significantly more likely to be present in university hospitals (89.5%, p < 0.05) compared to community teaching (83.3%) and community hospitals (66.7%). Protocols for pre-operative prophylaxis and for antimicrobial treatment of surgical infections were respectively implemented in 96.2 and 82.3% of the hospitals. The majority of the surgical departments implemented both persuasive and restrictive interventions (72.8%). The most common types of interventions in surgical departments were dissemination of educational materials (62.5%), expert approval (61.0%), audit and feedback (55.1%), educational outreach (53.7%), and compulsory order forms (51.5%). CONCLUSION: The survey showed a heterogeneous organization of ASPs worldwide, demonstrating the necessity of a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach in the battle against antimicrobial resistance in surgical infections, and the importance of educational efforts towards this goal.
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- 700 1_
- $a Labricciosa, Francesco M $u Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Barbadoro, Pamela $u Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Pagani, Leonardo $u Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Ansaloni, Luca $u General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Brink, Adrian J $u Department of Clinical microbiology, Ampath National Laboratory Services, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape town, South Africa.
- 700 1_
- $a Carlet, Jean $u World Alliance against Antibiotics Resistance, Rome, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Khanna, Ashish $u Center for Critical Care, Anaesthesiology Institute and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Chichom-Mefire, Alain $u Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.
- 700 1_
- $a Coccolini, Federico $u Department of Surgery, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Di Saverio, Salomone $u Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a May, Addison K $u Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Viale, Pierluigi $u Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Watkins, Richard R $u Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH USA. Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Scudeller, Luigia $u Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Abbo, Lilian M $u Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Abu-Zidan, Fikri M $u Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- 700 1_
- $a Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K $u Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- 700 1_
- $a Al-Dahir, Sara $u Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Al-Hasan, Majdi N $u Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Alis, Halil $u General Surgery Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Instanbul, Turkey.
- 700 1_
- $a Alves, Carlos $u Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.
- 700 1_
- $a Araujo da Silva, André R $u Infection Control Committee, Prontobaby Hospital da Criança, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 700 1_
- $a Augustin, Goran $u Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 700 1_
- $a Bala, Miklosh $u Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- 700 1_
- $a Barie, Philip S $u Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Beltrán, Marcelo A $u Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.
- 700 1_
- $a Bhangu, Aneel $u Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
- 700 1_
- $a Bouchra, Belefquih $u Department of Microbiology National Reference Laboratory Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Hospital, Mohammed 6th University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.
- 700 1_
- $a Brecher, Stephen M $u Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, MA USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Caínzos, Miguel A $u Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- 700 1_
- $a Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian $u Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico.
- 700 1_
- $a Catani, Marco $u Department of Emergency, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Chandy, Sujith J $u Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala India.
- 700 1_
- $a Jusoh, Asri Che $u Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia.
- 700 1_
- $a Cherry-Bukowiec, Jill R $u Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Chiara, Osvaldo $u Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Colak, Elif $u Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
- 700 1_
- $a Cornely, Oliver A $u Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- 700 1_
- $a Cui, Yunfeng $u Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- 700 1_
- $a Demetrashvili, Zaza $u Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- 700 1_
- $a De Simone, Belinda $u Department of Digestive Surgery, Cannes Hospital, Cannes, France.
- 700 1_
- $a De Waele, Jan J $u Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- 700 1_
- $a Dhingra, Sameer $u School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago.
- 700 1_
- $a Di Marzo, Francesco $u Department of Surgery, Versilia Hospita, Lido di Camaiore, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Dogjani, Agron $u Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.
- 700 1_
- $a Dorj, Gereltuya $u School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
- 700 1_
- $a Dortet, Laurent $u Department of Microbiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University, La Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- 700 1_
- $a Duane, Therese M $u Department of Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Elmangory, Mutasim M $u Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
- 700 1_
- $a Enani, Mushira A $u Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 700 1_
- $a Ferrada, Paula $u Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Esteban Foianini, J $u Department of Surgery, Clinica Foianini, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
- 700 1_
- $a Gachabayov, Mahir $u Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir, Russia.
- 700 1_
- $a Gandhi, Chinmay $u Department of Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra India.
- 700 1_
- $a Ghnnam, Wagih Mommtaz $u Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- 700 1_
- $a Giamarellou, Helen $u Sixth Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- 700 1_
- $a Gkiokas, Georgios $u Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- 700 1_
- $a Gomi, Harumi $u Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki Japan.
- 700 1_
- $a Goranovic, Tatjana $u University Department for Tumours, Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 700 1_
- $a Griffiths, Ewen A $u General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
- 700 1_
- $a Guerra Gronerth, Rosio I $u Peruvian Navy Medical Center, Lima, Peru.
- 700 1_
- $a Haidamus Monteiro, Julio C $u Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Santa Casa Hospital, Campo Grande, Brazil.
- 700 1_
- $a Hardcastle, Timothy C $u Trauma and Trauma ICU, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- 700 1_
- $a Hecker, Andreas $u Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
- 700 1_
- $a Hodonou, Adrien M $u Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin.
- 700 1_
- $a Ioannidis, Orestis $u Fourth Surgical Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 700 1_
- $a Isik, Arda $u Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
- 700 1_
- $a Iskandar, Katia A $u Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese, International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- 700 1_
- $a Kafil, Hossein S $u Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 700 1_
- $a Kanj, Souha S $u Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- 700 1_
- $a Kaplan, Lewis J $u Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Kapoor, Garima $u Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.
- 700 1_
- $a Karamarkovic, Aleksandar R $u Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 700 1_
- $a Kenig, Jakub $u Third Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
- 700 1_
- $a Kerschaever, Ivan $u Department of Abdominal Surgery, Regional Hospital of Tienen, Tienen, Belgium.
- 700 1_
- $a Khamis, Faryal $u Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
- 700 1_
- $a Khokha, Vladimir $u Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.
- 700 1_
- $a Kiguba, Ronald $u Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
- 700 1_
- $a Kim, Hong B $u Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- 700 1_
- $a Ko, Wen-Chien $u Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
- 700 1_
- $a Koike, Kaoru $u Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- 700 1_
- $a Kozlovska, Iryna $u Department of Surgery n. 2, Higher educational institutions of Ukraine Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtci City, Ukraine.
- 700 1_
- $a Kumar, Anand $u Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.
- 700 1_
- $a Lagunes, Leonel $u Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
- 700 1_
- $a Latifi, Rifat $u Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Lee, Jae G $u Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- 700 1_
- $a Lee, Young R $u Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Leppäniemi, Ari $u Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.
- 700 1_
- $a Li, Yousheng $u Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- 700 1_
- $a Liang, Stephen Y $u Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Lowman, Warren $u Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- 700 1_
- $a Machain, Gustavo M $u Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion, Paraguay.
- 700 1_
- $a Maegele, Marc $u Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne, Germany.
- 700 1_
- $a Major, Piotr $u Second Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
- 700 1_
- $a Malama, Sydney $u Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
- 700 1_
- $a Manzano-Nunez, Ramiro $u Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
- 700 1_
- $a Marinis, Athanasios $u First Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
- 700 1_
- $a Martinez Casas, Isidro $u Service of General Surgery, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
- 700 1_
- $a Marwah, Sanjay $u Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.
- 700 1_
- $a Maseda, Emilio $u Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 700 1_
- $a McFarlane, Michael E $u Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
- 700 1_
- $a Memish, Ziad $u Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 700 1_
- $a Mertz, Dominik $u Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.
- 700 1_
- $a Mesina, Cristian $u Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
- 700 1_
- $a Mishra, Shyam K $u Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 700 1_
- $a Moore, Ernest E $u Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Munyika, Akutu $u Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa, Namibia.
- 700 1_
- $a Mylonakis, Eleftherios $u Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Napolitano, Lena $u Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Negoi, Ionut $u Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 700 1_
- $a Nestorovic, Milica D $u Clinic for General Surgery, Clinical Centre, Nis, Serbia.
- 700 1_
- $a Nicolau, David P $u Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford, CT USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Omari, Abdelkarim H $u Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan.
- 700 1_
- $a Ordonez, Carlos A $u Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
- 700 1_
- $a Paiva, José-Artur $u Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 700 1_
- $a Pant, Narayan D $u Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 700 1_
- $a Parreira, Jose G $u Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 700 1_
- $a Pędziwiatr, Michal $u Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland.
- 700 1_
- $a Pereira, Bruno M $u Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- 700 1_
- $a Ponce-de-Leon, Alfredo $u Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 700 1_
- $a Poulakou, Garyphallia $u Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, National and Kapodstrian University-Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- 700 1_
- $a Preller, Jacobus $u John Farman Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- 700 1_
- $a Pulcini, Céline $u Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University Hospital of Nancy, and EA 4360 APEMAC, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.
- 700 1_
- $a Pupelis, Guntars $u Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga, Latvia.
- 700 1_
- $a Quiodettis, Martha $u Department of Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama, Panama.
- 700 1_
- $a Rawson, Timothy M $u National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
- 700 1_
- $a Reis, Tarcisio $u Emergency Post-operative Department, Otavio de Freitas Hospital and Hosvaldo Cruz Hospital, Recife, Brazil.
- 700 1_
- $a Rems, Miran $u Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia.
- 700 1_
- $a Rizoli, Sandro $u Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- 700 1_
- $a Roberts, Jason $u Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.
- 700 1_
- $a Pereira, Nuno Rocha $u Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.
- 700 1_
- $a Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús $u Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío-IBiS and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- 700 1_
- $a Sakakushev, Boris $u General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- 700 1_
- $a Sanders, James $u JPS Health Network, Texas, TX USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Santos, Natalia $u Hospital Center Tondela Viseu, Tondela, Portugal.
- 700 1_
- $a Sato, Norio $u Department of Aeromedical Services for Emergency and Trauma Care, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
- 700 1_
- $a Sawyer, Robert G $u Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Scarpelini, Sandro $u Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
- 700 1_
- $a Scoccia, Loredana $u Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Shafiq, Nusrat $u Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
- 700 1_
- $a Shelat, Vishalkumar $u Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.
- 700 1_
- $a Sifri, Costi D $u Office of Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention and Control, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Siribumrungwong, Boonying $u Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
- 700 1_
- $a Søreide, Kjetil $u Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 700 1_
- $a Soto, Rodolfo $u Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia.
- 700 1_
- $a de Souza, Hamilton P $u Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- 700 1_
- $a Talving, Peep $u Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia.
- 700 1_
- $a Trung, Ngo Tat $u Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 700 1_
- $a Tessier, Jeffrey M $u Department of Infectious Diseases, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Tumbarello, Mario $u Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
- 700 1_
- $a Ulrych, Jan $u First Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 700 1_
- $a Uranues, Selman $u Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- 700 1_
- $a Van Goor, Harry $u Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 700 1_
- $a Vereczkei, Andras $u Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- 700 1_
- $a Wagenlehner, Florian $u Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
- 700 1_
- $a Xiao, Yonghong $u State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
- 700 1_
- $a Yuan, Kuo-Ching $u Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
- 700 1_
- $a Wechsler-Fördös, Agnes $u Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
- 700 1_
- $a Zahar, Jean-Ralph $u Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
- 700 1_
- $a Zakrison, Tanya L $u Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Zuckerbraun, Brian $u Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
- 700 1_
- $a Zuidema, Wietse P $u VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 700 1_
- $a Catena, Fausto $u Department of General Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.
- 773 0_
- $w MED00165852 $t World journal of emergency surgery WJES $x 1749-7922 $g Roč. 12, č. - (2017), s. 34
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